2001/06/28 by Jiao-Lin Xu, Xu, Jiao-Lin
Physics and Astronomy · #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) #Nuclear physics research studies #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies #Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions #hep-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/0106340
85 pages, 5 figues
arxiv created 2001/06/28 · openalex publication_date 2001/06/28 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
From the Dirac sea concept, the BCC model infers that the quarks u and d constitute a body center cubic quark lattice in the vacuum; when a quark q^* is excited from the vacuum, the nearest primitive cell u' and d' is accompanying excited by the quark q^*. Using the energy band theory, the model deduces the quantum numbers (I, S, C, b, and Q) and the masses of all quarks using a united mass formula. Then, it shows that the system of 3 excited quarks (q^*u'd') is a baryon, and it deduces the baryon spectrum in terms of the sum laws. This theoretical baryon spectrum is in accordance with the experimental results. It also shows that there are only two elementary quarks (u and d), while the other quarks (s, c, b, ...) are the excited states of the elementary quarks, hence the SU(3) (u, d, and s), the SU(4) (u, d, s, and c), and the SU(5) (u, d, s, c, and b) are the natural extensions of the SU(2) (u and d). The BCC model provides the physical foundation (quarks, SU(N) groups, and that a baryon is made of 3 quarks) for the Quark Model. The Quark Model is the SU(N) approximation of the BCC model. The confinement concept is not needed in the BCC model, because it is replaced by the accompanying excitation concept. The SU(N) groups are also not necessary, as they are replaced by the body center cubic groups. We also predict some new baryons: Λ(2560), ΣC(2280), Ω-(3720), ΛC+(6600), Λb0(9960)...