Lipid droplets and fatty acid‐induced lipotoxicity: in a nutshell

2024/01/28 by Eseiwi Obaseki, Daniel Adebayo, Sumit Bandyopadhyay +1 · 27 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis #Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction #Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease

paper · pdf · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14808

Abstract

Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles that are conserved from bacteria to humans. LDs are broken down to supply cells with fatty acids (FAs) that can be used as an energy source or membrane synthesis. An overload of FAs disrupts cellular functions and causes lipotoxicity. Thus, by acting as hubs for storing excess fat, LDs prevent lipotoxicity and preserve cellular homeostasis. LD synthesis and turnover have to be precisely regulated to maintain a balanced lipid distribution and allow for cellular adaptation during stress. Here, we discuss how prolonged exposure to excess lipids affects cellular functions, and the roles of LDs in buffering cellular stress focusing on lipotoxicity.

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