On the X-ray Emission From Supernovae, and Implications for the Mass-Loss Rates of their Progenitor Stars

2025/05/13 by Vikram V. Dwarkadas, Dwarkadas, Vikram V. · 6 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena

paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.08946

Abstract

We summarize the X-ray emission from young SNe. Having accumulated data on most observed X-ray SNe, we display the X-ray lightcurves of young SNe. We also explore the X-ray spectra of various SN types. The X-ray emission from Type Ib/c SNe is non-thermal. It is also likely that the emission from Type IIP SNe with low mass-loss rates (around 10^-7 Msun yr^-1) is non-thermal. As the mass-loss rate increases, thermal emission begins to dominate. Type IIn SNe have the highest X-ray luminosities, and are clearly thermal. We do not find evidence of non-thermal emission from Type IIb SNe. The aggregated data are used to obtain approximate mass-loss rates of the progenitor stars of these SNe. Type IIP's have progenitors with mass-loss rates < 10^-5 Msun yr^-1, while Type IIn progenitors generally have mass-loss rates > 10^-3 Msun yr^-1. However, we emphasize that the density of the ambient medium is the important parameter, and if it is due to a non-steady outflow solution, it can not be translated into a mass-loss rate.

Citations

• The X-ray Luminous Type Ibn SN 2022ablq: Estimates of Pre-explosion Mass Loss and Constraints on Precursor Emission
• X-ray Observations of Two Type Ia Supernovae with an Hα Line in their Optical Spectrum
• Chandra's insights into SN 2023ixf
• Core-collapse Supernovae as Cosmic Ray Sources
• On the lack of X-ray bright Type IIP supernovae
• Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Circumstellar Interaction in SN 1993J

Cited by

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• SN 2024iss: A Double-peaked Type IIb Supernova with Evidence of Circumstellar Interaction
• The first radio view of a type Ibn supernova in SN 2023fyq: Understanding the mass-loss history in the last decade before the explosion
• The Most Luminous Known Fast Blue Optical Transient AT 2024wpp: Unprecedented Evolution and Properties in the X-rays and Radio
• Dance to Demise -- How Massive Stars May Form Dense Circumstellar Shells Before Explosion
• Red Supergiant Mass Loss and Mass-Loss Rates

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