2025/09/25 by Gareth Thomas, József Vuts, David M. Withall +5 · 3 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Antifungal #Crop #Fungal pathogen #Fungicide #Fungus #Human pathogen #Pathogen #Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases #Plant pathogens and resistance mechanisms #Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity #Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/1758-2229.70192
published in Environmental Microbiology Reports 17(5), e70192 (Wiley)
openalex publication_date 2025/09/25 · openalex created_date 2025/09/26 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
The use of beneficial soil fungi or their natural products offers a more sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides for pathogen management in crops. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by such fungi act as semiochemicals that inhibit pathogens, with VOC production influenced by physical interactions between competing fungi. This study explores the interaction between the beneficial soil fungus Trichoderma hamatum GD12 strain (GD12), previously shown to antagonise crop pathogens such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, to test the hypothesis that its antagonistic effect is mediated by volatile chemical signalling. In dual-culture confrontation assays, co-inoculation of GD12 and S. sclerotiorum led to fungistatic interactions after 7 days. VOCs collected from individual and co-cultures were analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) analysis and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing significant differences in VOC production between treatments, with VOC production notably upregulated in the GD12 + S. sclerotiorum co-culture. Peak VOC production occurred 17 days post-inoculation. Synthetic VOC assays revealed several compounds inhibitory to S. sclerotiorum, including 1-octen-3-one, which also arrested the growth of other fungal crop pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Pyrenopeziza brassicae, and Gaeumannomyces tritici). Structural insights into 1-octen-3-one's antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum are also presented. These findings support the hypothesis that the antagonistic properties of T. hamatum GD12 against crop fungal pathogens can, in part, be attributed to VOC production. Further research is needed to assess the potential of these semiochemicals as tools for pathogen management in agriculture.