ESTIMATINGF-STATISTICS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF POPULATION STRUCTURE

1984/11/01 by B. S. Weir, C. Clark Cockerham · 16,944 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Mathematics · #Biology #Demography #Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets #Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock #Genetic diversity and population structure #Mathematics #Population #Population structure #Statistics

paper · doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05657.x

published in Evolution 38(6), 1358-1370 (Oxford University Press)

openalex publication_date 1984/11/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04

Abstract

Corresponding Editor: J. Felsenstein

Cited by

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• DNA microsatellite characterization of the jaguar (Panthera onca) in Colombia
• Low genetic variability of the koala Phascolarctos cinereus in south‐eastern Australia following a severe population bottleneck
• Genetic variation and structuring in the threatened koala populations of Southeast Queensland
• On the Origins and Admixture of Malagasy: New Evidence from High-Resolution Analyses of Paternal and Maternal Lineages
• ‘O father: where art thou?’— Paternity assessment in an open fission–fusion society of wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiopssp.) in Shark Bay, Western Australia
• Standing at the Gateway to Europe - The Genetic Structure of Western Balkan Populations Based on Autosomal and Haploid Markers
• Multiple independent introductions of Plasmodium falciparum in South America
• Geographical partitioning of microsatellite variation in the sarus crane
• 2000 Years of Parallel Societies in Stone Age Central Europe
• Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication
• Genetic structure of European sheep breeds
• Complex population structure in African village dogs and its implications for inferring dog domestication history
• Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Variation of Wolves (Canis lupus) in Southeast Alaska and Comparison with Wolves, Dogs, and Coyotes in North America
• Origin and status of the Great Lakes wolf
• Patterns of differentiation and hybridization in North American wolflike canids, revealed by analysis of microsatellite loci.
• Factors contributing to the successful implementation of planned change at a small, private, four-year institution in the mid -Atlantic area
• Admixture determines genetic diversity and population differentiation in the biological invasion of a lizard species
• Population interconnectivity over the past 120,000 years explains distribution and diversity of Central African hunter-gatherers
• Global genetic diversity ofAedes aegypti
• Evolution and spread of glyphosate resistance in Conyza canadensis in California
• Extinct New Zealand megafauna were not in decline before human colonization
• Analysis of Genetic Diversity in the American Standardbred Horse Utilizing Short Tandem Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
• Assessing genetic diversity of domestic populations of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Alabama using AFLP markers
• Evolutionary History and Adaptation from High-Coverage Whole-Genome Sequences of Diverse African Hunter-Gatherers
• Discerning the Origins of the Negritos, First Sundaland People: Deep Divergence and Archaic Admixture
• Global variation in copy number in the human genome
• Molecular characterization of relatedness among colour variants of Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus)
• AFLP markers for analysis of genetic diversity and structure of teak (Tectona grandis) in India
• Monitoring the genetic diversity of three Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) captive stocks using AFLP and microsatellites
• Measuring European Population Stratification with Microarray Genotype Data
• Global population divergence and admixture of the brown rat ( Rattus norvegicus )
• Non‐gradual variation in colour morphs of the strawberry poison frog Dendrobates pumilio: genetic and geographical isolation suggest a role for selection in maintaining polymorphism
• Terrestrial fishes: rivers are barriers to gene flow in annual fishes from the African savanna
• Hybridization promotes color polymorphism in the aposematic harlequin poison frog,Oophaga histrionica
• Evidence of the interplay of genetics and culture in Ethiopia
• ADAPTIVE DIVERGENCE IN MOOR FROG (RANA ARVALIS) POPULATIONS ALONG AN ACIDIFICATION GRADIENT: INFERENCES FROMQST-FSTCORRELATIONS
• Phenotypic plasticity allows the Mediterranean parsley frog Pelodytes punctatus to exploit two temporal niches under continuous gene flow
• Asexual queen succession in the higher termite Embiratermes neotenicus
• Population genomic analysis of mango (Mangifera indica) suggests a complex history of domestication
• Microsatellite loci and the complete mitochondrial DNA sequence characterised through next-generation sequencing and de novo genome assembly, and a preliminary assessment of population genetic structure for the Australian crane, Antigone rubicunda
• Geographical Structuring of Genetic Diversity Across the Whole Distribution Range of Narcissus longispathus, a Habitat-specialist, Mediterranean Narrow Endemic
• European Population Substructure: Clustering of Northern and Southern Populations
• Genomic Analyses of Pre-European Conquest Human Remains from the Canary Islands Reveal Close Affinity to Modern North Africans
• Population structure of caribou in an ice‐bound archipelago
• Linking genetic and ecological differentiation in an ungulate with a circumpolar distribution
• VARIATION IN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA AND MICROSATELLITE DNA IN CARIBOU (RANGIFER TARANDUS) IN NORTH AMERICA
• Significance of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) ecotypes from a molecular genetics viewpoint
• Genetic variation in the Sorbs of eastern Germany in the context of broader European genetic diversity
• Population Genetic Effects of Urban Habitat Fragmentation in the Perennial Herb Viola pubescens (Violaceae) using ISSR Markers
• Appraisal of the consequences of the DDT‐induced bottleneck on the level and geographic distribution of neutral genetic variation in Canadian peregrine falcons,Falco peregrinus
• Allozyme Diversity in Natural Populations of Viola palmensis Webb & Berth. (Violaceae) from La Palma (Canary Islands): Implications for Conservation Genetics
• Genetic effects of habitat fragmentation in Viola pubescens (Violaceae), a perennial herb with chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers
• Morphological and genetic structuring in the Utah Lake sucker complex
• Detailed Analysis of Japanese Population Substructure with a Focus on the Southwest Islands of Japan
• Unique characteristics of the Ainu population in Northern Japan
• Genetic landscape of Gullah African Americans
• An African origin for the intimate association between humans and Helicobacter pylori
• The role of humans in the diversification of a threatened island raptor
• Genetically distinct island populations of the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus)
• Bottlenecked but long-lived: high genetic diversity retained in white-tailed eagles upon recovery from population decline
• High levels of gene flow and low population genetic structure related to high dispersal potential of a tropical marine angiosperm
• Genetic structure of wildcat (Felis silvestris) populations in Italy
• Variation of DAT1 VNTR Alleles and Genotypes Among Old Ethnic Groups in Mesopotamia to the Oxus Region
• The origins and genetic structure of three co-resident Chinese Muslim populations: the Salar, Bo'an and Dongxiang
• Conservation genetics of threatened Red-billed Tropicbirds and White-tailed Tropicbirds in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
• Nuclear and mitochondrial genetic structure in two social forms of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta: insights into transitions to an alternate social organization
• The Breeding System of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta: Effects on Colony Genetic Structure
• Genetic and morphological variation over space and time in the invasive fire ant Solenopsis invicta
• The Peopling of Modern Bosnia‐Herzegovina: Y‐chromosome Haplogroups in the Three Main Ethnic Groups
• Bringing together linguistic and genetic evidence to test the Bantu expansion
• Northern Slavs from Serbia do not show a founder effect at autosomal and Y-chromosomal STRs and retain their paternal genetic heritage
• Melanesian Blond Hair Is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1
• Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia
• Ancient X chromosomes reveal contrasting sex bias in Neolithic and Bronze Age Eurasian migrations
• Patterns of post-glacial colonization by western redcedar (Thuja plicata, Cupressaceae) as revealed by microsatellite markers
• Post‐glacial history of Trillium grandiflorum (Melanthiaceae) in eastern North America: inferences from phylogeography
• Panmictic population structure in the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)
• Phylogeographic and diversification patterns of the white-nosed coati (Nasua narica): Evidence for south-to-north colonization of North America
• Adaptive diversification of growth allometry in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana
• Genomic Diversity and Admixture Differs for Stone-Age Scandinavian Foragers and Farmers
• Colony genetic structure in the Australian jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula
• HYBRIDIZATION AND POPULATION GENETICS OF TWO MACAQUE SPECIES IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA
• The Genetic Structure of Marijuana and Hemp
• Intraspecific support for the polygyny-vs.-polyandry hypothesis in the bulldog ant Myrmecia brevinoda
• IrisPlex: A sensitive DNA tool for accurate prediction of blue and brown eye colour in the absence of ancestry information
• Accounting for ancestry: population substructure and genome-wide association studies
• Ancestral Origins and Genetic History of Tibetan Highlanders
• Genetic structure and expansion of golden jackals (Canis aureus) in the north-western distribution range (Croatia and eastern Italian Alps)
• Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt
• A European Concern? Genetic Structure and Expansion of Golden Jackals (Canis aureus) in Europe and the Caucasus
• Population genetics of the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin)
• Dioecy Is Associated with High Genetic Diversity and Adaptation Rates in the Plant GenusSilene
• Alu insertion polymorphisms and the genetic structure of human populations from the Caucasus
• Breeding systems and genetic diversity in tropical carpenter ant colonies: different strategies for similar outcomes in Brazilian Cerrado savanna
• Genetic ancestry changes in Stone to Bronze Age transition in the East European plain
• 学校教育の担い手としての教師と教員集団―「教員社会・教員文化」論・再考―
• Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia
• Genome-wide signatures of male-mediated migration shaping the Indian gene pool
• Accounting for Bias from Sequencing Error in Population Genetic Estimates
• Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island
• Whole-genome sequencing of 175 Mongolians uncovers population-specific genetic architecture and gene flow throughout North and East Asia
• Historical DNA analysis reveals living descendants of an extinct species of Galápagos tortoise
• Microsatellite analysis of genetic divergence among populations of giant Galápagos tortoises
• Morphometrics Parallel Genetics in a Newly Discovered and Endangered Taxon of Galápagos Tortoise
• Phylogeographic History and Gene Flow Among Giant Galapagos Tortoises on Southern Isabela Island
• Mapping genes for phosphorus utilization and correlated traits using a 4k SNP linkage map in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
• Molecular variation of HLA class I genes in the Corsican population: approach to its origin
• Genetic structure and bio-climatic modeling support allopatric over parapatric speciation along a latitudinal gradient
• Global distribution of genomic diversity underscores rich complex history of continental human populations
• Specific Status of Propithecus spp.
• Implications for health and disease in the genetic signature of the Ashkenazi Jewish population
• The Genetic Legacy of Zoroastrianism in Iran and India: Insights into Population Structure, Gene Flow, and Selection
• Haplotype analysis of the polymorphic 40 Y-STR markers in Chinese populations
• Y‐chromosome specific YCAII, DYS19 and YAP polymorphisms in human populations: a comparative study
• Assessing the Genetic Influence of Ancient Sociopolitical Structure: Micro-differentiation Patterns in the Population of Asturias (Northern Spain)
• A Study of Y-Chromosome Microsatellite Variation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comparison between F ST and R ST Genetic Distances
• Genetic History of Xinjiang’s Uyghurs Suggests Bronze Age Multiple-Way Contacts in Eurasia
• Population differentiation and nuclear gene flow in the Dominican anole (Anolis oculatus)
• Patterns of population subdivision and gene flow in the ant Nothomyrmecia macrops reflected in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers
• A genome wide pattern of population structure and admixture in peninsular Malaysia Malays
• The Rules of Aggression: How Genetic, Chemical and Spatial Factors Affect Intercolony Fights in a Dominant Species, the Mediterranean Acrobat Ant Crematogaster scutellaris
• Extreme population differentiation in a vulnerable slavemaking ant with a fragmented distribution
• Phylogeography of the North American red fox: vicariance in Pleistocene forest refugia
• Genetic distinctiveness of red foxes in the Intermountain West as revealed through expanded mitochondrial sequencing
• A restricted hybrid zone between native and introduced red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations suggests reproductive barriers and competitive exclusion
• The Irish DNA Atlas: Revealing Fine-Scale Population Structure and History within Ireland
• Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population
• Identifying Signatures of Natural Selection in Tibetan and Andean Populations Using Dense Genome Scan Data
• Genetic variation analysis of the Bali street dog using microsatellites
• Global variation in copy number in the human genome. [europepmc]
• Measurement of the human allele frequency spectrum demonstrates greater genetic drift in East Asians than in Europeans. [europepmc]
• A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. [europepmc]
• Ecological reproductive isolation of coast and inland races of Mimulus guttatus. [europepmc]
• Ancestry informative marker sets for determining continental origin and admixture proportions in common populations in America. [europepmc]
• Genes mirror geography within Europe. [europepmc]
• Common variants at ten loci modulate the QT interval duration in the QTSCD Study. [europepmc]
• Genetics in geographically structured populations: defining, estimating and interpreting F(ST). [europepmc]
• The scale of population structure in Arabidopsis thaliana. [europepmc]
• Population genomics of parallel adaptation in threespine stickleback using sequenced RAD tags. [europepmc]
• Colloquium paper: genome-wide patterns of population structure and admixture among Hispanic/Latino populations. [europepmc]
• Identifying signatures of natural selection in Tibetan and Andean populations using dense genome scan data. [europepmc]
• Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble bees. [europepmc]
• Genetic structure and domestication history of the grape. [europepmc]
• Genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in worldwide Arabidopsis thaliana accessions from the RegMap panel. [europepmc]
• Evolutionary history and adaptation from high-coverage whole-genome sequences of diverse African hunter-gatherers. [europepmc]
• The genomic signature of crop-wild introgression in maize. [europepmc]
• Human genetics. The genetics of Mexico recapitulates Native American substructure and affects biomedical traits. [europepmc]
• Mosquito genomics. Extensive introgression in a malaria vector species complex revealed by phylogenomics. [europepmc]
• Global genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti. [europepmc]
• The genomic landscape of rapid repeated evolutionary adaptation to toxic pollution in wild fish. [europepmc]
• Loci associated with skin pigmentation identified in African populations. [europepmc]
• Quantitative evidence for early metastatic seeding in colorectal cancer. [europepmc]
• Comparative genetic architectures of schizophrenia in East Asian and European populations. [europepmc]
• Trans-ethnic and Ancestry-Specific Blood-Cell Genetics in 746,667 Individuals from 5 Global Populations. [europepmc]

Related

• Three Properties of F-Statistics for Multiple Regression and ANOVA
• Statistical Formulas for F Measures
• Worldwide FST Estimates Relative to Five Continental-Scale Populations
• Respondent-Driven Sampling II: Deriving Valid Population Estimates from Chain-Referral Samples of Hidden Populations
• The Distribution of Fst and other Genetic Statistics for a Class of Population Structure Models