2022/01/18 by Gang Chen, Chen, Gang
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #Applied Physics (physics.app-ph) #FOS: Physical sciences #Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory #Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) #nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2201.07318
openalex publication_date 2022/01/18 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Although it has been shown experimentally that a temperature discontinuity exists at the liquid-vapor interface during evaporation and condensation, quantitatively modeling this temperature jump has been difficult. The classical Schrage equation does not give enough information to determine the interfacial temperature jump. Starting from the Boltzmann transport equation, this paper establishes three interfacial boundary conditions to connect the temperature, density, and pressure jumps at the liquid-vapor interface to the interfacial mass and heat fluxes: one for the mass flux (the Schrage equation), one for the heat flux, and the third for the density discontinuities. These expressions can be readily coupled to heat and mass transport equations in the continuum of the liquid and the vapor phases, enabling one to determine the values of the interfacial temperature, density, and pressure jumps. Comparison with past experiments is favorable. A thermomolecular emission model, mimicking thermionic emission of electrons, is also presented to gain more molecular-level insights on the thermal evaporation processes.