2015/03/28 by M. Malliaris, Saharon Shelah, Malliaris, M. +1
Mathematics · Medicine · #Advanced Topology and Set Theory #FOS: Mathematics #Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology #Logic (math.LO) #Neurological and metabolic disorders
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1503.08338
openalex publication_date 2015/03/28 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We apply the recently developed technology of cofinality spectrum problems to prove a range of theorems in model theory. First, we prove that any model of Peano arithmetic is λ-saturated iff it has cofinality ≥ λ and the underlying order has no (κ, κ)-cuts for regular κ< λ. Second, assuming instances of GCH, we prove that SOP2 characterizes maximality in the interpretability order \trianglelefteq^*, settling a prior conjecture and proving that SOP2 is a real dividing line. Third, we establish the beginnings of a structure theory for NSOP2, proving that NSOP2 can be characterized by the existence of few inconsistent higher formulas. In the course of the paper, we show that \mathfrakps = \mathfrakts in any weak cofinality spectrum problem closed under exponentiation (naturally defined). We also prove that the local versions of these cardinals need not coincide, even in cofinality spectrum problems arising from Peano arithmetic.