Incentives, Morality, Or Habit? Predicting Students’ Car Use for University Routes With the Models of Ajzen, Schwartz, and Triandis
2003/03/01 by Sebastian Bamberg, Peter Schmidt · 1,022 citations
Environmental Science · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Behavioral Health and Interventions #Computer science #Context (archaeology) #Control (management) #Environmental Education and Sustainability #Explanatory power #Geography #Habit #Predictive power #Psychological intervention #Psychology #Social psychology #Theory of planned behavior #Urban Transport and Accessibility
paper · doi:10.1177/0013916502250134
published in Environment and Behavior 35(2), 264-285 (SAGE Publishing)
openalex publication_date 2003/03/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/25
Abstract
The predictive power of the Ajzen, Triandis, and Schwartz models are compared in the context of car use for university routes. Two hundred fifty-four students filled out a questionnaire designed to measure the components of the three models. In the prediction of intention to use a car, results indicated that one variable from the Trinandis model—role beliefs—increased the explanatory power offered by the components of the Ajzen model. In the prediction of self-reported car use, one variable of the Triandis model—car use habit—significantly increased the predictive power of the Ajzen model. The central variable of the Schwartz model—personal norm—exerted no significant effect either on intention or on behavior. The implications of the findings for interventions to reduce the car use of students for university routes are discussed.
Cited by
- Value Orientations to Explain Beliefs Related to Environmental Significant Behavior
- The Significance of Hedonic Values for Environmentally Relevant Attitudes, Preferences, and Actions
- Environmental Sustainability and Behavioral Science
- Car driver speed choice in Scotland
- Structural Modeling of Car Use on the Way to the University in Different Settings: Interplay of Norms, Habits, Situational Restraints, and Perceived Behavioral Control1
- Travel Demand Management Targeting Reduced Private Car Use: Effectiveness, Public Acceptability and Political Feasibility
- The Impact of the Built Environment on Bicycle Commuting: Evidence from Beijing
- Cruise travelers’ environmentally responsible decision-making: An integrative framework of goal-directed behavior and norm activation process
- Structure and temporal evolution of transportation literature
- Reliability, Validity, and Strength of a Unified Model for Information Security Policy Compliance
- Factors influencing air passengers' intention to purchase voluntary carbon offsetting programs: The moderating role of environmental knowledge
- Morality and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Awareness, Responsibility, and Norms in the Norm Activation Model
- The Motivational Roots of Norms for Environmentally Responsible Behavior
- Knowledge–intention–behavior associations and spillovers of domestic and workplace recycling
- Getting the British back on bicycles—The effects of urban traffic-free paths on everyday cycling
- Commute mode switch and its relationship to life events, built-environment, and attitude change
- How do environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and place attachment affect environmentally responsible behavior? An integrated approach for sustainable island tourism
- Individual motivations for limiting meat consumption
- The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation.
- Why do some people do "more" to mitigate climate change than others? Exploring heterogeneity in psycho-social associations. [europepmc]
- Understanding the human dimensions of a sustainable energy transition. [europepmc]
- Evaluating determinants of rural Villagers' engagement in conservation and waste management behaviors based on integrated conceptual framework of Pro-environmental behavior. [europepmc]
- The Role of Personality Traits through Habit and Intention on Determining Future Preferences of Public Transport Use. [europepmc]
- Can Beach Cleans Do More Than Clean-Up Litter? Comparing Beach Cleans to Other Coastal Activities. [europepmc]
- Designing Interventions that Last: A Classification of Environmental Behaviors in Relation to the Activities, Costs, and Effort Involved for Adoption and Maintenance. [europepmc]
- Integrating Norm Activation Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Sustainable Transport Behavior: Evidence from China. [europepmc]
- Determinants and the Moderating Effect of Perceived Policy Effectiveness on Residents' Separation Intention for Rural Household Solid Waste. [europepmc]
- Empirical Study on Households' Energy-Conservation Behavior of Jiangsu Province in China: The Role of Policies and Behavior Results. [europepmc]
- Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Environmental Science: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis. [europepmc]
- Investigating Rural Domestic Waste Sorting Intentions Based on an Integrative Framework of Planned Behavior Theory and Normative Activation Models: Evidence from Guanzhong Basin, China. [europepmc]
- Embedded Philanthropic CSR in Digital China: Unified View of Prosocial and Pro-environmental Practices. [europepmc]
- Structural equation modeling of public transport use with COVID-19 precautions: An extension of the norm activation model. [europepmc]
- Motivating COVID-19 mitigation actions via personal norm: An extension of the norm activation model. [europepmc]
- My Parents Taught…Green Was My Growth! The Role of Intergenerational Transmission of Ecological Values in Young Adults' Pro-Environmental Behaviors and Their Psychosocial Mechanisms. [europepmc]
- Citizen Environmental Behavior From the Perspective of Psychological Distance Based on a Visual Analysis of Bibliometrics and Scientific Knowledge Mapping. [europepmc]
- Comparing the Relative Importance of Predictors of Intention to Use Bicycles. [europepmc]
- Going Green Is Exhausting for Dark Personalities but Beneficial for the Light Ones: An Experience Sampling Study That Examines the Subjectivity of Pro-environmental Behavior. [europepmc]
- Predicting Recycling Behavior in New York State: an integrated model. [europepmc]
- Exploring the motivational roots of farmers' adaptation to climate change‑induced water stress through incentives or norms. [europepmc]
- An Augmented Reality Technology to Provide Demonstrative Inhaler Technique Education for Patients With Asthma: Interview Study Among Patients, Health Professionals, and Key Community Stakeholders. [europepmc]
- Energy saving behavior in university organizations: The value of norm constructions in a "rational choice" action model. [europepmc]
- Integrating the norm activation model and theory of planned behaviour to investigate farmer pro-environmental behavioural intention. [europepmc]
- Distinguishing fast change in social norms and slow change in personal norms in cooperative decision-making. [europepmc]
- Integrating drivers of pro-environmental behavior and physical activity to explore (in) compatibilities between an active and an environmentally sustainable lifestyle. [europepmc]
Related