2016/08/15 by Xin Jin, Xiaoyang Tan, Jin, Xin +1
Computer Science · #Biometric Identification and Security #Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Face and Expression Recognition #Face recognition and analysis
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1608.04188
openalex publication_date 2016/08/15 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Over the last two decades, face alignment or localizing fiducial facial points has received increasing attention owing to its comprehensive applications in automatic face analysis. However, such a task has proven extremely challenging in unconstrained environments due to many confounding factors, such as pose, occlusions, expression and illumination. While numerous techniques have been developed to address these challenges, this problem is still far away from being solved. In this survey, we present an up-to-date critical review of the existing literatures on face alignment, focusing on those methods addressing overall difficulties and challenges of this topic under uncontrolled conditions. Specifically, we categorize existing face alignment techniques, present detailed descriptions of the prominent algorithms within each category, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we organize special discussions on the practical aspects of face alignment in-the-wild, towards the development of a robust face alignment system. In addition, we show performance statistics of the state of the art, and conclude this paper with several promising directions for future research.