2025/10/21 by Yuichiro Takeuchi, Takeuchi, Yuichiro, Yusuke Imoto +3
Computer Science · Engineering · #Advanced Neural Network Applications #Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies #Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV) #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC) #QR Code Applications and Technologies
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.18976
openalex publication_date 2025/10/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
In this paper we describe Ninja Codes, neurally generated fiducial markers that can be made to naturally blend into various real-world environments. An encoder network converts arbitrary images into Ninja Codes by applying visually modest alterations; the resulting codes, printed and pasted onto surfaces, can provide stealthy 6-DoF location tracking for a wide range of applications including robotics and augmented reality. Ninja Codes can be printed using standard color printers on regular printing paper, and can be detected using any device equipped with a modern RGB camera and capable of running inference. Through experiments, we demonstrate Ninja Codes' ability to provide reliable location tracking under common indoor lighting conditions, while successfully concealing themselves within diverse environmental textures. We expect Ninja Codes to offer particular value in scenarios where the conspicuous appearance of conventional fiducial markers makes them undesirable for aesthetic and other reasons.