2022/08/31 by Krasnov, A., Sveshnikov, K.
#FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2209.00125
The scenario of spontaneous positron emission, caused by the supercritical Coulomb source with charge Z and size R, is explored in essentially non-perturbative approach with emphasis on the vacuum energy EVP\footnoteThroughout the paper the abbreviation "VP" stands for "vacuum polarization" ., considered as a function of R with fixed Z>Zcr,1≃ 170. It is shown that in the supercritical region the behavior of EVP(R) turns out to be quite different in dependence on the value of the Coulomb charge Z. In particular, spontaneous emission becomes a visible effect starting only from Z ∼ 300. With further growth of Z its intensity increases very rapidly, which opens up the possibility for unambiguous detection. For such Z the appearing picture of spontaneous emission turns out to be well-established and quite transparent in terms of the resonance decay combined with vacuum shells formation. The intimate, but crucial role of EVP(R) in the total energy balance in the system is outlined. The additional problems of spontaneous emission, caused by the lepton number conservation, are also discussed.