2025/05/15 by Hadi Hosseini, Hosseini, Hadi, Joshua Kavner +7
Business, Management and Accounting · Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Social Sciences · #Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT) #Corruption and Economic Development #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems #Regulation and Compliance Studies
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.10433
openalex publication_date 2025/05/15 · openalex created_date 2025/10/15 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The allocation of resources among multiple agents is a fundamental problem in both economics and computer science. In these settings, fairness plays a crucial role in ensuring social acceptability and practical implementation of resource allocation algorithms. Traditional fair division solutions have given rise to a variety of approximate fairness notions, often as a response to the challenges posed by non-existence or computational intractability of exact solutions. However, the inherent incompatibility among these notions raises a critical question: which concept of fairness is most suitable for practical applications? In this paper, we examine two broad frameworks -- threshold-based and comparison-based fairness notions -- and evaluate their perceived fairness through a comprehensive human subject study. Our findings uncover novel insights into the interplay between perception of fairness, theoretical guarantees, the role of externalities and subjective valuations, and underlying cognitive processes, shedding light on the theory and practice of fair division.