2014/12/23 by Don N. Page, Page, Don N.
Physics and Astronomy · #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) #History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph) #Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life #hep-th #physics.hist-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1412.7544
17 pages, LaTeX, manuscript written for the proceedings of the Philosophy of Cosmology UK/US Conference, 12th - 16th September 2014, Tenerife, Spain
arxiv created 2014/12/23 · openalex publication_date 2014/12/23 · arxiv updated 2014/12/25 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
In cosmology, we would like to explain our observations and predict future observations from theories of the entire universe. Such cosmological theories make ontological assumptions of what entities exist and what their properties and relationships are. One must also make epistemological assumptions or metatheories of how one can test cosmological theories. Here I shall propose a Bayesian analysis in which the likelihood of a complete theory is given by the normalized measure it assigns to the observation used to test the theory. In this context, a discussion is given of the trade-off between prior probabilities and likelihoods, of the measure problem of cosmology, of the death of Born's rule, of the Boltzmann brain problem, of whether there is a better principle for prior probabilities than mathematical simplicity, and of an Optimal Argument for the Existence of God.