Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy
1997/04/01 by Robert J. Palisano, Robert Palisano, Peter Rosenbaum +5 · 60 citations
Medicine · Psychology · #Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders #Infant Development and Preterm Care #Family and Disability Support Research
paper · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x
Abstract
To address the need for a standardized system to classify the gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy, the authors developed a five-level classification system analogous to the staging and grading systems used in medicine. Nominal group process and Delphi survey consensus methods were used to examine content validity and revise the classification system until consensus among 48 experts (physical therapists, occupational therapists, and developmental pediatricians with expertise in cerebral palsy) was achieved. Interrater reliability (kappa) was 0.55 for children less than 2 years of age and 0.75 for children 2 to 12 years of age. The classification system has application for clinical practice, research, teaching, and administration.
Cited by
- Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005
- Content validity of the expanded and revised Gross Motor Function Classification System
- A systematic review of interventions for children with cerebral palsy: state of the evidence
- Developing and validating the Communication Function Classification System for individuals with cerebral palsy
- Cognitive functioning in children with cerebral palsy
- Visual Function Classification System for children with cerebral palsy: development and validation
- Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants with a periventricular haemorrhagic infarction located in the temporal or frontal lobe
- Temporal trends, clinical characteristics, and sociodemographic profile of post‐neonatally acquired cerebral palsy in Australia, 1973–2012: A population‐based observational study
- The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy: scale development and evidence of validity and reliability
- Development of the Gross Motor Function Classification System for cerebral palsy
- Stability and decline in gross motor function among children and youth with cerebral palsy aged 2 to 21 years
- Functional therapy for children with cerebral palsy: an ecological approach
- Arithmetic difficulties in children with cerebral palsy are related to executive function and working memory
- Psychological problems in children with cerebral palsy: a cross‐sectional European study
- Topographical Working Memory in Children with Cerebral Palsy
- Differences in lumbar motor neuron pruning in an animal model of early onset spasticity
- Current thinking in the health care management of children with cerebral palsy
- Brain Injury and Altered Brain Growth in Preterm Infants: Predictors and Prognosis
- Outcomes of Infants Born at 22 and 23 Weeks’ Gestation
- CSF neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin as inflammation biomarkers in newborns with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy
- START-Play Physical Therapy Intervention Impacts Motor and Cognitive Outcomes in Infants With Neuromotor Disorders: A Multisite Randomized Clinical Trial
- Associations between deprivation and postneonatal cerebral palsy over 35 years: a population-based longitudinal study
- Sacral agenesis: evaluation of accompanying pathologies in 38 cases, with analysis of long-term outcomes
- Investigation of the validity and reliability of the L test in children with cerebral palsy
- Reliability and Validity of the C-BiLLT: A new Instrument to Assess Comprehension of Spoken Language in young Children with Cerebral Palsy and Complex Communication Needs
- Artificial Intelligence Outcome Prediction in Neonates with Encephalopathy (AI-OPiNE)
- Inhibitory control and temporal perception in cerebral palsy
- Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Hamstrings-to-Quadriceps Ratio, Walking Performance, and Postural Control in Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- The effect of foot deformities on the interplay of forces within the foot: An analysis of multi-segment foot joint moments in cerebral palsy
- Early neurological symptoms and epilepsy outcomes in individuals with the recurrent <scp> <i>GABRG2</i> </scp> p.( <scp>Ala106Thr</scp> ) gain‐of‐function variant: Structural and phenotypic insights
- Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Online (PACT Online) for parents of children diagnosed with or with increased likelihood of neurodevelopmental disability: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
- The effect of a low-load plyometric intervention on running kinematics in youth with cerebral palsy: A randomised controlled trial
- Selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic twins: changing patterns in umbilical artery Doppler flow and outcomes
- The relationship between motor abilities and quality of life in children with severe multiple disabilities
- Frequency and nature of sleep disturbances amongst children with cerebral palsy in Northern Ireland: A cross-sectional study
- Ambulatory physical activity performance in youth with cerebral palsy and youth who are developing typically. [europepmc]
- Intensive care for extreme prematurity--moving beyond gestational age. [europepmc]
- A randomized, controlled trial of magnesium sulfate for the prevention of cerebral palsy. [europepmc]
- Aggressive vs. conservative phototherapy for infants with extremely low birth weight. [europepmc]
- Outcome tools used for ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: responsiveness and minimum clinically important differences. [europepmc]
- Developing and validating the Communication Function Classification System for individuals with cerebral palsy. [europepmc]
- Biomarkers for severity of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and outcomes in newborns receiving hypothermia therapy. [europepmc]
- Chorioamnionitis and early childhood outcomes among extremely low-gestational-age neonates. [europepmc]
- Effect of depth and duration of cooling on deaths in the NICU among neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: a randomized clinical trial. [europepmc]
- Characterization of human disease phenotypes associated with mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR, and IFIH1. [europepmc]
- Muscle synergies and complexity of neuromuscular control during gait in cerebral palsy. [europepmc]
- Prognostic Factors for Poor Cognitive Development in Children Born Very Preterm or With Very Low Birth Weight: A Systematic Review. [europepmc]
- Cerebral palsy. [europepmc]
- Effect of Depth and Duration of Cooling on Death or Disability at Age 18 Months Among Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. [europepmc]
- Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. [europepmc]
- Effect of Therapeutic Hypothermia Initiated After 6 Hours of Age on Death or Disability Among Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. [europepmc]
- Neurodevelopmental Impairment Among Extremely Preterm Infants in the Neonatal Research Network. [europepmc]
- The Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants. An Evidence-based Approach. [europepmc]
- Cerebral Palsy: Early Markers of Clinical Phenotype and Functional Outcome. [europepmc]
- A Randomized Trial of Erythropoietin for Neuroprotection in Preterm Infants. [europepmc]
- State of the Evidence Traffic Lights 2019: Systematic Review of Interventions for Preventing and Treating Children with Cerebral Palsy. [europepmc]
- Cerebral palsy in children: a clinical overview. [europepmc]
- Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. [europepmc]
- Mortality, In-Hospital Morbidity, Care Practices, and 2-Year Outcomes for Extremely Preterm Infants in the US, 2013-2018. [europepmc]
- Trial of Erythropoietin for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns. [europepmc]
Related