2020/09/10 by Wilko Heitkoetter, Bruno U. Schyska, Heitkoetter, Wilko +9
Energy · Engineering · #FOS: Physical sciences #Integrated Energy Systems Optimization #Physics and Engineering Research Articles #Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) #Renewable Energy and Sustainability
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2009.05122
openalex publication_date 2020/09/10 · openalex created_date 2022/07/25 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
With the expansion of renewable energies in Germany, imminent grid congestion\nevents occur more often. One approach for avoiding curtailment of renewable\nenergies is to cover excess feed-in by demand response. As curtailment is often\na local phenomenon, in this work we determine the regional demand response\npotential for the 401 German administrative districts. The load regionalisation\nis based on weighting factors derived from population and employment\nstatistics, locations of industrial facilities, etc. Using periodic and\ntemperature-dependent load profiles and technology specific parameters, load\nshifting potentials were determined with a temporal resolution of 15 minutes.\nOur analysis yields that power-to-heat technologies provide the highest\npotentials, followed by residential appliances, commercial and industrial\nloads. For the considered 2030 scenario, power-to-gas and e-mobility also\ncontribute a significant potential. The cumulated load increase potential of\nall technologies ranges from 5 - 470~MW per administrative district. The\nmedian value is 25~MW, which would suffice to avoid the curtailment of 8\nclassical wind turbines. Further, we calculated load shifting cost-potential\ncurves for each district. Industrial processes and power-to-heat in district\nheating have the lowest load shifting investment cost, due to the largest\ninstalled capacities per facility. We distinguished between different size\nclasses of the installed capacity of heat pumps, yielding 23 % lower average\ninvestment cost for heat pump flexibilisation in the city of Berlin compared to\na rural district. The variable costs of most considered load shifting\ntechnologies remain under the average compensation costs for curtailment of\nrenewable energies of 110~ text euro/MWh. As all results and the\ndeveloped code are published under open source licenses, they can be integrated\ninto energy system models.\n