2025/09/03 by Neznamov, V. P.
#FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.04525
In the standard quantum electrodynamics (QED), the fermionic vacuum is a continuum of randomly created and annihilated virtual electron-positron pairs. In this case, in the strong electromagnetic fields, vacuum creation of real electron-positron pairs is possible. In particular, in the standard QED in a strong uniform electrical field, the Schwinger effect is implemented. Currently, there exist the QED versions with empty fermionic vacuum without fluctuations of creation and annihilation of virtual electron-positron pairs. These versions are the (QED)FW in the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation, the (QED)KG with spinor equations of the Klein-Gordon type, the (QED)DN with opposite signs in front of particle and antiparticle masses in Dirac equations and with the use of only states with positive energies in S-matrix elements. The latter relates to both real and virtual energy states. In this paper, we propose to carry out a set of experiments at colliders with collisions of heavy ions to determine the nature of the fermionic vacuum. The measurements of the emission of electron-positron pairs depending on the total charge of colliding ions ZΣ = 146 ÷184 show the structure of a fermionic vacuum in quantum electrodynamics.