An investigation of a varying G through Strong Lensing and SNe Ia observations

2025/07/31 by Holanda, R. F. L., Ferreira, M., Gonzalez, Javier E. · 1 citation
#Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) #FOS: Physical sciences

paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2508.00075

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the potential variation of the gravitational constant G using data from strong gravitational lensing systems and Type Ia supernovae. Testing G(z) parameterizations where G(z) = G₀(1 + G₁z) and G(z) = G₀(1 + z)^G₁, we also account for the influence of G on the luminosity of SNe Ia through the Chandrasekhar mass-luminosity relation. Only the flat universe hypothesis is considered. Constraints from 158 lensing systems and the Pantheon+ sample show no significant evidence of G variation. However, although the results are compatible with no variation, the errors are not yet sufficiently restrictive to rule out any variation of G with high statistical confidence. This study highlights the viability of using combined astrophysical data to probe variations in fundamental constants, suggesting that future surveys could refine these constraints.

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• Brans-Dicke-like field for co-varying G and c: observational constraints

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