2025/09/23 by Cha, Hyunho, Wonjung Kim, Jungwoo Lee +2
Computer Science · Physics and Astronomy · #FOS: Computer and information sciences #FOS: Physical sciences #Machine Learning (cs.LG) #Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture #Quantum Information and Cryptography #Quantum Physics (quant-ph) #Quantum many-body systems
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.18674
openalex publication_date 2025/09/23 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
A scalable Bayesian machine learning framework is introduced for estimating scalar properties of an unknown quantum state from measurement data, which bypasses full density matrix reconstruction. This work is the first to integrate the classical shadows protocol with a permutation-invariant set transformer architecture, enabling the approach to predict and correct bias in existing estimators to approximate the true Bayesian posterior mean. Measurement outcomes are encoded as fixed-dimensional feature vectors, and the network outputs a residual correction to a baseline estimator. Scalability to large quantum systems is ensured by the polynomial dependence of input size on system size and number of measurements. On Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state fidelity and second-order Rényi entropy estimation tasks -- using random Pauli and random Clifford measurements -- this Bayesian estimator always achieves lower mean squared error than classical shadows alone, with more than a 99% reduction in the few copy regime.