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The Negative Participation Paradox in Three-Candidate Instant Runoff Elections

2024/03/19 by David McCune, McCune, David, Jennifer Wilson +1
Social Sciences · #Electoral Systems and Political Participation #FOS: Physical sciences #Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)

paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2403.18857

openalex publication_date 2024/03/19 · openalex created_date 2024/03/30 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

In this paper, we provide theoretical and empirical estimates for the likelihood of a negative participation paradox under instant runoff voting in three-candidate elections. We determine the probability of the paradox and related conditional probabilities based on the impartial anonymous culture and impartial culture models for both complete and partial ballots. We compare these results to the empirical likelihood of a negative participation paradox occurring under instant runoff voting in a large database of voter profiles which have been reduced to three candidates. Lastly, we analyze the relative likelihood of this paradox in comparison to other well-known paradoxes.

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