2025/07/09 by Lane D. Smith, Smith, Lane D., Daniel S. Kirschen +1
Energy · Engineering · Environmental Science · #Energy Efficiency and Management #FOS: Electrical engineering #Smart Grid Energy Management #Sustainability and Climate Change Governance #Systems and Control (eess.SY) #electronic engineering #information engineering
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.06595
openalex publication_date 2025/07/09 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Net energy metering has been a successful policy for increasing solar generation installations and reducing the costs of photovoltaic arrays for consumers. However, increased maturity of solar technologies and concerns over cost shifts created by net energy metering have recently caused the policy to change its incentives. What once favored behind-the-meter solar generation now is focused on compensating flexible operation. This paper explores the impacts that different net energy metering policies have on commercial consumers with various distributed energy resources. We show that the newest iteration of net energy metering is less beneficial for consumers with only solar generation and instead favors those that pair energy storage with solar. Though shiftable flexible demand offers consumers the ability to operate flexibly, the export prices offered by the latest net energy metering policy provide limited value to flexible demand.