2020/12/22 by Leonard Susskind, Susskind, Leonard
Physics and Astronomy · #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) #Quantum Mechanics and Applications #Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics #Relativity and Gravitational Theory
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2012.12326
openalex publication_date 2020/12/22 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The connection between gravitational force and operator growth, reported in earlier papers, is generalized to include electromagnetic forces. It is shown how in the U(1)-invariant SYK system electric forces emerge through the same mechanisms -- the momentum-size correspondence, and operator growth -- that give rise to gravitational force. The unit of electric charge implied by the U(1)-SYK theory is consistent with a Kaluza-Klein radius inverse to the characteristic energy scale of the SYK theory.