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The role of spin-isospin symmetries in nuclear β-decays

2025/03/20 by Simone Salvatore Li Muli, Muli, Simone Salvatore Li, T. Djärv +5
Physics and Astronomy · #Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research #FOS: Physical sciences #Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies #Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions

paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2503.16372

openalex publication_date 2025/03/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/17 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31

Abstract

A century ago, Wigner's SU(4) symmetry was introduced to explain the properties of atomic nuclei. Despite recent revived interest, its impact on nuclear structure, transitions, and reactions has not been fully explored. Here, we show that a variety of high-fidelity nuclear interactions predict nuclear states that have ≥ 90% probability of being in a single SU(4) irreducible representation. Meanwhile, our analysis of axial current operators in chiral effective field theory (χEFT) reveals that one-body currents at low momentum transfer act only within SU(4) irreducible representations, while two-body currents connect different representations. These selection rules interfere with the expected convergence pattern of the χEFT expansion and explain key phenomenological observations, e.g., the unnaturally large two-body corrections to the axial-current matrix elements in eight-body nuclei.

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