The composition of the Earth

1995/03/01 by W. F. McDonough, W.F. McDonough, S.-s. Sun +1 · 158 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Physics and Astronomy · #High-pressure geophysics and materials #Geological and Geochemical Analysis #Astro and Planetary Science

paper · doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4

Cited by

• Evidence for subduction at 3.8 Ga: Geochemistry of arc-like metabasalts from the southern edge of the Isua Supracrustal Belt
• Mercury in some arc crustal rocks and mantle peridotites and relevance to the moderately volatile element budget of the Earth
• The origin of highly radiogenic Hf isotope compositions in 3.33 Ga Commondale komatiite lavas (South Africa)
• La–Ce and Sm–Nd isotopic systematics of early Proterozoic leucogranite with tetrad REE pattern
• The effects of experimental heating and alteration on melt inclusions in magmatic zircon
• Tracking the budget of Nb and Ta in the continental crust
• Melt- versus fluid-induced metasomatism in spinel to garnet wedge peridotites (Ulten Zone, Eastern Italian Alps): clues from trace element and Li abundances
• The buffering capacity of lithospheric mantle: implications for diamond formation
• Metasomatism of sub-arc mantle peridotites below southernmost South America: reduction of fO2 by slab-melt
• Episodic refertilization and metasomatism of Archean mantle: evidence from an orogenic peridotite in North Qaidam (NE Tibet, China)
• Recognising early Archaean mantle: a reappraisal
• Zircon Hf–O isotope evidence for crust–mantle interaction during continental deep subduction
• High pressure effects on the iron–iron oxide and nickel–nickel oxide oxygen fugacity buffers
• A review of the geochronology and geochemistry of Late Yanshanian (Cretaceous) plutons along the Fujian coastal area of southeastern China: Implications for magma evolution related to slab break-off and rollback in the Cretaceous
• Composition and temperature of the Earth’s core constrained by combining ab initio calculations and seismic data
• Chemical compositions of the outer core examined by first principles calculations
• Mineralogy of the lower mantle: A review of ‘super-deep’ mineral inclusions in diamond
• The influence of spin–orbit resonances on the evolution of Mercury’s mantle and crust
• The age and origin of the South Mountain Batholith (Nova Scotia, Canada) as constrained by zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and O–Hf isotopes
• Major and trace element composition of the depleted MORB mantle (DMM)
• Atmospheric outgassing and native-iron formation during carbonaceous sediment–basalt melt interactions
• Metasomatic Processes Revealed by Trace Element and Redox Signatures of the Lithospheric Mantle Beneath the Massif Central, France
• Water Content and Oxygen Isotopic Composition of Alkali Basalts from the Taihang Mountains, China: Recycled Oceanic Components in the Mantle Source
• Petrology and Trace Element Budgets of High-pressure Peridotites Indicate Subduction Dehydration of Serpentinized Mantle (Cima di Gagnone, Central Alps, Switzerland)
• Petrologic and Thermodynamic Constraints on the Petrogenesis of the Fiskenæsset Anorthosite Complex, SW Greenland: An Anhydrous Model for Archean Anorthosites
• The Processes of Melt Differentiation in Arc Volcanic Rocks: Insights from OIB-type Arc Magmas in the Central Mexican Volcanic Belt
• Melting and Crustal Processes at the FAMOUS Segment (Mid-Atlantic Ridge): New Insights from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusions from Multiple Samples
• Composition of the Chilled Marginal Rocks of the Panzhihua Layered Intrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China: Implications for Parental Magma Compositions, Sulfide Saturation History and Fe–Ti Oxide Mineralization
• Recurrent Local Melting of Metasomatised Lithospheric Mantle in Response to Continental Rifting: Constraints from Basanites and Nephelinites/Melilitites from SE Germany
• Reaction Coronas at Olivine–Plagioclase Contacts in Host Rocks from the Nova–Bollinger Ni–Cu–Co Deposit, Albany–Fraser Orogen, Western Australia: Evidence of a Magmatic to Metamorphic Continuum
• In Situ Trace Elements in Quartz and K-Feldspar from Felsic Igneous Rocks: A Titanium-in-K-Feldspar Geothermometer for Natural Magmatic Systems
• Geochemistry of Ocean Floor and Fore-arc Serpentinites: Constraints on the Ultramafic Input to Subduction Zones
• Bulk-rock Major and Trace Element Compositions of Abyssal Peridotites: Implications for Mantle Melting, Melt Extraction and Post-melting Processes Beneath Mid-Ocean Ridges
• Partial Melting of Mantle and Crustal Sources beneath South Karakorum, Pakistan: Implications for the Miocene Geodynamic Evolution of the India-Asia Convergence Zone
• Coeval Mantle-Derived and Crust-Derived Magmas Forming Two Neighbouring Plutons in the Songpan Ganze Accretionary Orogenic Wedge (SW China)
• Pyroxenite Dykes in Orogenic Peridotite from North Qaidam (NE Tibet, China) Track Metasomatism and Segregation in the Mantle Wedge
• Primitive Arc Magmatism and Delamination: Petrology and Geochemistry of Pyroxenites from the Cabo Ortegal Complex, Spain
• Indium diffusion in rhyolitic melts: Implications for In enrichment in magmatic-hydrothermal systems
• Timing and source constraints on the relationship between mafic and felsic intrusions in the Emeishan large igneous province
• REE in skarn systems: A LA-ICP-MS study of garnets from the Crown Jewel gold deposit
• Global occurrence of tellurium-rich ferromanganese crusts and a model for the enrichment of tellurium
• Geochemical Characterization of Serpentinized Peridotites from the Shergol Ophiolitic Slice along the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ), Ladakh Himalaya, India
• Significance of oscillatory and bell-shaped growth zoning in hydrothermal garnet: Evidence from the Navachab gold deposit, Namibia
• Geochemistry of subduction zone serpentinites: A review
• Water content and hydrogen behaviour during metasomatism in the uppermost mantle beneath Ray Pic volcano (Massif Central, France)
• Geochemical, isotopic and geochronological characterization of listvenite from the Upper Unit on Tinos, Cyclades, Greece
• Heterogeneous hydrogen distribution in orthopyroxene from veined mantle peridotite (San Carlos, Arizona): Impact of melt-rock interactions
• Multi-stage metasomatism revealed by trace element and Li isotope distributions in minerals of peridotite xenoliths from Allègre volcano (French Massif Central)
• Fluid infiltration along reactive porosity networks at the subduction interface: Evidence from the eclogite-facies Erro-Tobbio Unit (Ligurian Alps)
• Origin of oscillatory zoned garnets from the Xieertala Fe–Zn skarn deposit, northern China: In situ LA–ICP-MS evidence
• The formation and trace elements of garnet in the skarn zone from the Xinqiao Cu-S-Fe-Au deposit, Tongling ore district, Anhui Province, Eastern China
• Skarn formation and trace elements in garnet and associated minerals from Zhibula copper deposit, Gangdese Belt, southern Tibet
• Gold in the mantle: A global assessment of abundance and redistribution processes
• Trace-element composition of minerals and rocks in the Belaya Zima carbonatite complex (Russia): Implications for the mechanisms of magma evolution and carbonatite formation
• Oceanic-arc subduction, stagnation, and exhumation: zircon U–Pb geochronology and trace-element geochemistry of the Sanbagawa eclogites in central Shikoku, SW Japan
• Segmentation and rejuvenation of the Greater Himalayan sequence in western Nepal revealed by in situ U–Th/Pb monazite petrochronology
• Late Jurassic, high Ba–Sr Linglong granites in the Jiaodong Peninsula, East China: lower crustal melting products in the eastern North China Craton
• The onset of Neo-Tethys subduction in the Early Jurassic: evidence from the eclogites of the North Shahrekord Metamorphic Complex (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, W Iran)
• Changing recycled oceanic components in the mantle source of the Shuangliao Cenozoic basalts, NE China: New constraints from water content
• Archean Subduction: Fact or Fiction?
• A Giant Impact Origin for the First Subduction on Earth
• An Oxidation Gradient Straddling the Small Planet Radius Valley
• Geological insights from the newly discovered granite of Sif Island between Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers
• Neoarchean prolonged subduction-related magmatism and multistage metamorphism in the Zunhua area: implications for the cratonization of the eastern North China Craton
• Late Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary complex along the Adria–Tisza boundary: New insights from the westernmost Sava Suture Zone
• A Disintegrating Rocky World Shrouded in Dust and Gas: Mid-infrared Observations of K2-22 b Using JWST
• Building and Destroying Continental Mantle
• The Redox State of Earth's Mantle
• Coupled atmospHere Interior modeL Intercomparison (CHILI) Protocol Version 1.0: A CUISINES Intercomparison Project of Magma Ocean Models
• Metasomatized lithospheric mantle for Mesozoic giant gold deposits in the North China craton
• Dunites from Isua, Greenland: A ca. 3720 Ma window into subcrustal metasomatism of depleted mantle
• A reference Earth model for the heat producing elements and associated geoneutrino flux
• Fundamentals of interior modelling and challenges in the interpretation of observed rocky exoplanets
• The Carbonatite-Related Morro do Padre Niobium Deposit, Catalão II Complex, Central Brazil
• Understanding and Addressing Disaster Risk
• Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact
• Multi-method geochronology and isotope geochemistry of carbonatites in the Aileron Province, central Australia
• Melt Generation Sources and Conditions in the Wake of a Migrating Slab Window: Geochemistry and Petrology of the Million-Year History of Primitive Volcanism at Clear Lake Volcanic Field, California
• The Barnard’s Star planetary system: stability, composition, and evolution of four sub-Earth exoplanets
• The Neoproterozoic basement of the Sauce Chico Inlier (Ventania System): Geochemistry and U–Pb geochronology of igneous rocks with African lineage in central-eastern Argentina
• Asymmetrical magma chamber beneath the Red Sea system controlled Cenozoic alkaline magmatism on the western margin of the Arabian Shield
• Neoproterozoic mafic dykes of the Heimefrontfjella (East Antarctica)
• An exogenic to endogenic thermal transition on Earth 3.9 billion years ago
• Initiation and Evolution of Plate Tectonics on Earth: Theories and Observations
• Lead isotopes track intracrustal fractionation with implications for crustal thickness
• Sulfur inventory of the young lunar mantle constrained by experimental sulfide saturation of Chang’e-5 mare basalts and a new sulfur solubility model for silicate melts in equilibrium with sulfides of variable metal–sulfur ratio
• Geochronology of the metasedimentary rocks in the Jinan area and its geological implications
• Comparison of Australasian tektites with Australasian microtektites and BeLaU spherules recovered from the ocean
• Continental Crustal Growth Processes Recorded in the Gangdese Batholith, Southern Tibet
• TephAta – an online collection of tephra data from the Atacama Desert
• A Link Between Rocky Planet Density and Host Star Chemistry
• Sulfide-rich continental roots at cratonic margins formed by carbonated melts
• Pre-eruptive characteristics of “suspect” silicic magmas in Carlin-type Au-forming systems
• Taken with a grain of salt: Resolving evaporite stratigraphy through accessory mineral geochronology
• Tracking the Caribbean Magmatic Evolution: The British Virgin Islands as a Transition Between the Greater and Lesser Antilles Arcs
• Heterogeneous enriched geochemical compositions in Hawaiian lavas: Contributions from recycled continental materials in the Loa source of the Hawaiian plume
• The Morococala Volcanic Field, Bolivia: Geochemistry and geochronology in the Huanuni district
• WATER, MELTING, AND THE DEEP EARTH H2O CYCLE
• Complex carbonate ore mineralogy in the Mountain Pass carbonatite rare earth element deposit, U.S.A.
• Metamorphic timescales of Neoproterozoic high-pressure granulites constrained by multi-mineral petrochronology: A case study from the Southern Brasília Orogen (SE Brazil)
• Rare Earth Elements’ particles in road dust: A mineralogical perspective for source identification
• Geochemical evidence for a chondritic impactor in altered impact glass from the Stac Fada Member impactite, NW Scotland
• I/Pu reveals Earth mainly accreted from volatile-poor differentiated planetesimals
• Allanite-(Sm), CaSm(Al2Fe2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH), the third samarium mineral from Jordanów Śląski, Lower Silesia, Poland
• Zircon Morphology and Geochemical Diversity During Closed-System Crystallization of the Skaergaard Intrusion
• Intra-grain variability of hydrogen and trace elements in rutile
• Assessing Pb Isotopic Equilibrium Between Apatite and K‐Feldspar
• Petrogenesis of magmatism in the Yandong region of Eastern Tianshan, Xinjiang: geochemical, geochronological, and Hf isotope constraints
• Discovery of an icy and nitrogen-rich extrasolar planetesimal
• Genesis of the Khaluta alkaline-basic Ba-Sr carbonatite complex (West Transbaikala, Russia)
• Almandine garnet-bearing rhyolites associated to bimodal volcanism in the Mesa Central of Mexico: Geochemical, petrological and geochronological evolution
• Early Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic intraplate tectonic and magmatic events in the Cathaysia Block, South China
• Super-Earths and Earth-like exoplanets
• Terrestrial Exoplanet Internal Structure Constraints Enabled by Comprehensive Host Star Characterization Reveal that Terrestrial Planets in Mean-motion Resonances are Water Rich
• A possible volcanic origin for the Greenland ice core Pt anomaly near the Bølling-Allerød/Younger Dryas boundary
• Revealing inherited Precambrian crustal structure of the Vaupés Arch in the Colombian Amazonian Craton using teleseismic receiver functions and gravity spectral analysis
• Evidence for Magma-Crust interaction recorded in Xenopumice from Harrat Rahat, Saudi Arabia
• Accretion disk's magnetic field controlled the composition of the terrestrial planets
• Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Earth's Iron-enriched Basal Magma Ocean
• Mantle source characteristics and melting models for the early-middle Miocene mafic volcanism in Western Anatolia: Implications for enrichment processes of mantle lithosphere and origin of K-rich volcanism in post-collisional settings
• Conversions of propagation eigenstates of supernova neutrinos by atomic electrons
• Chemical Geodynamics
• Rift melting of juvenile arc-derived crust: Geochemical evidence from Neoproterozoic volcanic and granitic rocks in the Jiangnan Orogen, South China
• New 1:20,000 scale geological maps, synthesis and history of investigation of the Isua supracrustal belt and adjacent orthogneisses, southern West Greenland: A glimpse of Eoarchaean crust formation and orogeny
• Neutrino geophysics with KamLAND and future prospects
• Iron-rich Fe-O compounds with closest-packed layers at core pressures
• Chemically defining the building blocks of the Earth
• Aqueous fluid drives rhenium depletion in the continental crust
• Caledonian hot zone magmatism in the ‘Newer Granites’: insight from the Cluanie and Clunes plutons, Northern Scottish Highlands
• The Compositions of Rocky Planets in Close-in Orbits Tend to Be Earth-like
• Controls of Neoproterozoic magmatism on Ni Cu sulfide mineralization in the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt, South China: An example from the newly discovered Sibao Ni Cu sulfide deposit
• Woodleigh, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: a new 120 km diameter impact structure
• Porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization at Anabama Hill, Delamerian Orogen, South Australia: Fertility assessment implied from epidote and chlorite chemistry
• Sulfur isotopes from the lunar farside reveal global volatile loss following the giant impact
• New approaches to the Moon's isotopic crisis. [europepmc]
• Evaporative fractionation of volatile stable isotopes and their bearing on the origin of the Moon. [europepmc]
• Geochemical arguments for an Earth-like Moon-forming impactor. [europepmc]
• Global water cycle and the coevolution of the Earth's interior and surface environment. [europepmc]
• Percolation channels: a universal idea to describe the atomic structure and dynamics of glasses and melts. [europepmc]
• Data-Driven Astrochemistry: One Step Further within the Origin of Life Puzzle. [europepmc]
• Oxidising agents in sub-arc mantle melts link slab devolatilisation and arc magmas. [europepmc]
• Martian magmatism from plume metasomatized mantle. [europepmc]
• Magmatic Response to Subduction Initiation: Part 1. Fore-arc Basalts of the Izu-Bonin Arc From IODP Expedition 352. [europepmc]
• Living at the Extremes: Extremophiles and the Limits of Life in a Planetary Context. [europepmc]
• Effects of core formation on the Hf-W isotopic composition of the Earth and dating of the Moon-forming impact. [europepmc]
• Corrigendum: Living at the Extremes: Extremophiles and the Limits of Life in a Planetary Context. [europepmc]
• Formation of bridgmanite-enriched layer at the top lower-mantle during magma ocean solidification. [europepmc]
• Experimental and Simulation Efforts in the Astrobiological Exploration of Exooceans. [europepmc]
• Pressure-Induced Coordination Changes in a Pyrolitic Silicate Melt From Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. [europepmc]
• A magma ocean origin to divergent redox evolutions of rocky planetary bodies and early atmospheres. [europepmc]
• Buoyancy and Structure of Volatile-Rich Silicate Melts. [europepmc]
• Vertically Resolved Magma Ocean-Protoatmosphere Evolution: H 2 , H 2 O, CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, O 2 , and N 2 as Primary Absorbers. [europepmc]
• Experimental evidence for hydrogen incorporation into Earth's core. [europepmc]
• Reconciling metal-silicate partitioning and late accretion in the Earth. [europepmc]
• Complex Brines and Their Implications for Habitability. [europepmc]
• Miscibility of rock and ice in the interiors of water worlds. [europepmc]
• A Review on Hypothesized Metabolic Pathways on Europa and Enceladus: Space-Flight Detection Considerations. [europepmc]
• Sublithospheric diamond ages and the supercontinent cycle. [europepmc]
• Heteroatom doping enables hydrogen spillover via H + /e - diffusion pathways on a non-reducible metal oxide. [europepmc]