2018/03/19 by T. Abu‐Zayyad, T. Abu-Zayyad, D. Ivanov +16
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena #FOS: Physical sciences #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) #astro-ph.HE
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1803.07052
10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Astroparticle physics
arxiv created 2018/03/19 · openalex publication_date 2018/03/19 · arxiv updated 2018/03/20 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The cosmic ray flux measured by the Telescope Array Low Energy Extension (TALE) exhibits three spectral features: the knee, the dip in the 1016 eV decade, and the second knee. Here the spectrum has been measured for the first time using fluorescence telescopes, which provide a calorimetric, model-independent result. The spectrum appears to be a rigidity-dependent cutoff sequence, where the knee is made by the hydrogen and helium portions of the composition, the dip comes from the reduction in composition from helium to metals, the rise to the second knee occurs due to intermediate range nuclei, and the second knee is the iron knee.