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Are Seismic Air-Gun Sources Harmful to Marine Mammals?

2004/01/01 by John Caldwell, Caldwell, J.
Environmental Science · #Marine animal studies overview

paper · pdf · doi:10.2312/polarforschung.72.2-3.103

Abstract

The primary issue of noise in the oceans, and a secondary one related to seismic air-gun arrays, and their possible impacts on marine mammals, have become very visible globally: to welldeveloped and less-developed countries; to national governing bodies; to regulatory entities; to scientific bodies; to environmental groups; to military organizations; to media groups; to trade and lobby entities; to (some) publicly-traded and privately-held companies; and to the lay public. Several countries have very strong laws, or are enacting such laws, which (would) protect marine mammals.

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