2023/12/31 by Yadeta, Lema, Lealem, Asnake
#Applications #Nanoparticles #bottom-up approach #characterization #green synthesis #top-down approach
paper · doi:10.20372/star.v12i4.10
Nanoparticles (NPs) are nanometer-sized, 1-100 nm atomic or molecular-scale solid particles having some excellent physical properties. They can be classified according to their origins, dimensions, and structural configurations. There are two routes in the synthesis of NPs, known as the top-down approach and the bottom-up approach. In the top-down approach, NPs are synthesized by size reduction, disintegrating from the bulk material into fine particles. In the bottom-up approach method, NPs are built from smaller units. The bottom-up approach method consists of the chemical and biological modes of synthesis. Among the bottom-up approach methods, one of the most considered is the production of NPs using the green synthesis method. Different biomaterials, such as bacteria, fungi, algae, yeast, and plant extracts, are used for the green synthesis of NPs. According to this review, NPs produced via plant extracts are more stable, and the rate of synthesis is faster than in the case of other methods. After the synthesis, NPs can be examined using advanced nano-characterization techniques such as UV-vis, AFM, TEM, SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. Nanoparticles were used for many applications, such as biomedical, antibacterial, anticancer, catalyst, etcof the land to sustain fertile and healthy soil for the coming generation.