2023/05/17 by Niccolò Cribiori, Dieter Lüst, Cribiori, Niccolò +3 · 5 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) #Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2305.10489
openalex publication_date 2023/05/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We analyse particle species and the species scale in quantum gravity from a thermodynamic perspective. In close analogy to black hole thermodynamics, we propose that particle species own an entropy and a temperature, which is determined by the species scale. This is identical to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a corresponding minimal black hole and agrees with the number of species in a given tower of states. Through the species entropy, we find that certain entropy bounds are connected to recent swampland constraints. Moreover, the concept of species entropy and temperature allow us to formulate the laws of species thermodynamics, which are argued to govern the variations of moduli in string theory. They can be viewed as general rules that imply certain swampland conjectures, and vice versa.