Detection of Postnatal Depression
1987/06/01 by J. L. Cox, J. M. Holden, Joan Holden +1 · 104 citations
Medicine · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum #Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development #Family Support in Illness
paper · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
Abstract
The development of a 10-item self-report scale (EPDS) to screen for Postnatal Depression in the community is described. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for depressive illness obtained from Goldberg's Standardised Psychiatric Interview. The EPDS was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, and was also sensitive to change in the severity of depression over time. The scale can be completed in about 5 minutes and has a simple method of scoring. The use of the EPDS in the secondary prevention of Postnatal Depression is discussed.
Citations
Cited by
- Accuracy of the Whooley questions and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in identifying depression and other mental disorders in early pregnancy
- Maternal Capabilities Are Associated with Child Caregiving Behaviors Among Women in Rural Zimbabwe
- Psychosocial experiences of postnatal women during the COVID-19 pandemic. A UK-wide study of prevalence rates and risk factors for clinically relevant depression and anxiety
- Suicidal ideation in depressed postpartum women: Associations with childhood trauma, sleep disturbance and anxiety
- The equivalence of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depressive disorders in adults: A meta‐analytic review
- Trajectories of autistic social traits in childhood and adolescence and disordered eating behaviours at age 14 years: A UK general population cohort study
- Detecting depression in Parkinson disease
- Prenatal social disadvantage is associated with alterations in functional networks at birth
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Prenatal Insomnia
- Suicidal Ideation in Pregnant and Postpartum Women Veterans: An Initial Clinical Needs Assessment
- Ecological Momentary Assessment Reveals Causal Effects of Music Enrichment on Infant Mood
- Psychiatric Symptoms and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Pregnancy
- Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review
- The Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin Administration on Sensitive Caregiving in Mothers with Postnatal Depression
- Postpartum Depression: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Emerging Therapeutics
- Hypertension in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Current Standards and Opportunities to Improve Care
- Quantifying potential selection bias in observational research: simulations and Analyses exploring religion and depression using a prospective UK cohort study (ALSPAC)
- Low Pregnancy Cortisol and Infant Socioemotional Problems: The Mediating Role of Postpartum Depressive Symptoms
- Maternal Early Pregnancy Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Metabolites Correlate With Newborn Resting‐State Functional Connectivity
- Temporal dissociation between local and global functional adaptations of the maternal brain to childbirth: A longitudinal assessment
- Peripartum neuroactive steroid and γ-aminobutyric acid profiles in women at-risk for postpartum depression
- Does concern regarding climate change impact subsequent mental health? A longitudinal analysis using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
- Postnatal Mother-to-Infant Attachment in Subclinically Depressed Mothers: Dyads at Risk?
- Personal resources associated with peripartum depression among mothers of NICU hospitalised preterm infants
- Biological embedding of perinatal social relationships in infant stress reactivity
- Mother–infant stress contagion? Effects of an acute maternal stressor on maternal caregiving behavior and infant cortisol and crying
- Systematic Review of the Literature on Postpartum Care: Effectiveness of Postpartum Support to Improve Maternal Parenting, Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Physical Health
- Parents' adverse childhood experiences and mental health screening using home visiting programs: A pilot study
- Redesigned community postpartum care to prevent and treat postpartum depression in women – a one‐year follow‐up study
- Mothers’ experiences learning and performing infant massage—A qualitative study
- How Does Paternal Odor Influence Perception of Fearful and Happy Faces in Infancy?
- Paternal postpartum depression and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic: an online cross-sectional study
- Antenatal Depression in a Tertiary Care Hospital
- Holistic and Analytic Attention in Infancy: A Cross‐Cultural Study in Sweden and Zimbabwe
- Postpartum Depression is a Family Affair: Addressing the Impact on Mothers, Fathers, and Children
- Perinatal psychiatric disorders: a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality
- The impact of prenatal maternal stress due to potentially traumatic events on child temperament: A systematic review
- Implementation and Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation of Universal Postnatal Nurse Home Visiting
- Prenatal PFAS and psychosocial stress exposures in relation to fetal growth in two pregnancy cohorts: Applying environmental mixture methods to chemical and non-chemical stressors
- The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2017
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Stillbirth: Trauma Characteristics, Locus of Control, Posttraumatic Cognitions
- Effectiveness of a Counseling Intervention after a Traumatic Childbirth: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- The Role of Labor Pain and Overall Birth Experience in the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
- Self‐Advocacy Among Black Women During the Perinatal Period: Prevalence and Relationship to Patient Experiences
- The Association Between Husband’s Involvement in Maternal Antenatal Care and Risk of Postpartum Depression: A Cross‐Sectional Correlational Study
- Mental health symptoms and levels of social satisfaction in expecting and new fathers and co-parents
- Examining the Screening Practices of Physicians for Postpartum Depression: Implications for Improving Health Outcomes
- Prenatal Depression in Women Hospitalized for Obstetric Risk
- Virtual reality enhanced mindfulness and yoga intervention for postpartum depression and anxiety in the post COVID era
- Effectiveness of an online Japanese version of the mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting programme on prenatal mental health: A single group clinical trial
- A focus on postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers
- Neurodevelopmental assessment at one year of age predicts neuropsychological performance at six years in a cohort of West African Children
- The Consistency of Maternal Childhood Abuse Reporting in Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
- From villages to floating islands: A qualitative study exploring maternal experiences of support and isolation in Northern Sri Lanka
- Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Elective co-parenting with someone already known versus someone met online: implications for parent and child psychological functioning
- Clinical effectiveness, implementation effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a community singing intervention for postnatal depressive symptoms, SHAPER-PND: randomised controlled trial
- Trajectories of Exposure to Neighborhood Deprivation and the Odds of Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence Among Women: Are There Sensitive Periods for Exposure?
- Postpartum anxiety: a state-of-the-art review
- Factors Affecting Mother‐Infant Bonding in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross‐Sectional Study
- COVID‐19 pandemic effects: Examining prenatal internalizing symptoms and infant temperament
- Daily and longitudinal associations between relationship catastrophizing and sexual well-being in the postpartum period
- The interplay of maternal and paternal postpartum depressive symptoms with children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms from childhood to adolescence: does socioeconomic status matter? A longitudinal cohort study
- Differential impacts of parental attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on early maternal‐infant attachment
- Young children's sleep patterns and problems in paediatric primary healthcare settings: a multicentre cross‐sectional study from a nationally representative sample
- Shadows of the past – Hierarchical regression analyses on the role of childhood maltreatment experiences for postpartum depression
- Elevated lysophosphatidylcholines during SSRI-induced neural differentiation correlate with early neurodevelopmental symptoms
- “VID-KIDS” Video-Feedback Interaction Guidance for Depressed Mothers and Their Infants: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
- Cumulative risk for comorbidity of depression and anxiety in young people
- Exploring bidirectional causality between religion and mental health: A longitudinal study using data from the parent generation of a UK birth cohort
- Maternal pathways linking sociocognitive resources and immune balance to infant neurodevelopment: from cytokines to education
- The effects of a second pregnancy on women’s brain structure and function
- Postpartum care receipt among parents of infants admitted to a freestanding children’s hospital neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
- Mental health and academic performance: a study on selection and causation effects from childhood to early adulthood
- Long-term effects of mHealth consultation services on postpartum depressive symptoms and the mediating role of loneliness: A follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial
- Temporal dissociation between local and global functional adaptations of the maternal brain to childbirth: a longitudinal assessment
- The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic and Social Restrictions on Depression Rates and Maternal Attachment in Immediate Postpartum Women: a Preliminary Study
- Antenatal Dietary Intervention Supports Postpartum Maintenance of Diet Quality, Fibre, and Micronutrient Intake: Findings From the Healthy Gut Diet Randomised Control Trial
- Perinatal depression and infant and toddler neurodevelopment: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Depression in men in the postnatal period and later child psychopathology: a population cohort study. [europepmc]
- Risk factors for antenatal depression, postnatal depression and parenting stress. [europepmc]
- Severity of acute pain after childbirth, but not type of delivery, predicts persistent pain and postpartum depression. [europepmc]
- Postpartum depression. [europepmc]
- Racial/ethnic differences in early-life risk factors for childhood obesity. [europepmc]
- Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. [europepmc]
- Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. [europepmc]
- Intimate partner violence against adult women and its association with major depressive disorder, depressive symptoms and postpartum depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. [europepmc]
- Onset timing, thoughts of self-harm, and diagnoses in postpartum women with screen-positive depression findings. [europepmc]
- Maternal depression during pregnancy and the postnatal period: risks and possible mechanisms for offspring depression at age 18 years. [europepmc]
- Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology. [europepmc]
- Biological and psychosocial predictors of postpartum depression: systematic review and call for integration. [europepmc]
- The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2017. [europepmc]
- Psychological Treatments for the World: Lessons from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. [europepmc]
- Association of Persistent and Severe Postnatal Depression With Child Outcomes. [europepmc]
- Economic and Health Predictors of National Postpartum Depression Prevalence: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-Regression of 291 Studies from 56 Countries. [europepmc]
- Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes. [europepmc]
- The Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Multivariate Bayesian Meta-Analysis. [europepmc]
- Global burden of antenatal depression and its association with adverse birth outcomes: an umbrella review. [europepmc]
- Perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms of pregnant women during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China. [europepmc]
- Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms among pregnant individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. [europepmc]
- Perinatal mental health: a review of progress and challenges. [europepmc]
- Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. [europepmc]
- Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in two longitudinal UK population cohorts. [europepmc]
- Moms Are Not OK: COVID-19 and Maternal Mental Health. [europepmc]
Related