2025/09/08 by Julia Caleya-Sanchez, Pablo Muñoz, Caleya-Sanchez, Julia +11 · 1 citation
Computer Science · Engineering · #Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Network Time Synchronization Technologies #Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI) #Power Line Communications and Noise
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.06454
openalex publication_date 2025/09/08 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
Time synchronization is essential for industrial IoT and Industry 4.0/5.0 applications, but achieving high synchronization accuracy in Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)-5G networks is challenging due to jitter and asymmetric delays. 3GPP TS 23.501 defines three 5G synchronization modes: time-aware system, boundary clock (BC), and transparent clock (TC), where TC offers a promising solution. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no empirical evaluation of TC in a TSN-5G network. This paper empirically evaluates an 5G end-to-end TC in a TSN-5G network, implemented on commercial TSN switches with a single clock. For TC development, we compute the residence time in 5G and recover the clock domain at the slave node. We deploy a TSN-5G testbed with commercial equipment for synchronization evaluation by modifying the Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) message transmission rates. Experimental results show a peak-to-peak synchronization of 500 ns, meeting the industrial requirement of < 1 us, with minimal synchronization offsets for specific PTP message transmission rates.