2024/06/10 by Justin Kruger, Kruger, Justin, Soon S. Hwang +3 · 1 citation
Engineering · #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Multiagent Systems (cs.MA) #Robotics (cs.RO) #Spacecraft Dynamics and Control
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2406.06748
openalex publication_date 2024/06/10 · openalex created_date 2024/06/13 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
This paper presents initial flight results for distributed optical angles-only navigation of a swarm of small spacecraft, conducted during the Starling Formation-Flying Optical Experiment (StarFOX). StarFOX is a core payload of the NASA Starling mission, which consists of four CubeSats launched in 2023. Prior angles-only flight demonstrations have only featured one observer and target and have relied upon a-priori target orbit knowledge for initialization, translational maneuvers to resolve target range, and external absolute orbit updates to maintain convergence. StarFOX overcomes these limitations by applying the angles-only Absolute and Relative Trajectory Measurement System (ARTMS), which integrates three novel algorithms. Image Processing detects and tracks multiple targets in images from each satellite's on-board camera. Batch Orbit Determination computes initial swarm orbit estimates from bearing angle batches. Sequential Orbit Determination leverages an unscented Kalman filter to refine swarm state estimates over time. Multi-observer measurements shared over an intersatellite link are seamlessly fused to enable absolute and relative orbit determination. StarFOX flight data presents the first demonstrations of autonomous angles-only navigation for a satellite swarm, including multi-target and multi-observer relative navigation; autonomous initialization of navigation for unknown targets; and simultaneous absolute and relative orbit determination. Relative positioning uncertainties of 1.3% of target range (1σ) are achieved for a single observer under challenging measurement conditions, reduced to 0.6% (1σ) with multiple observers. Results demonstrate promising performance with regards to ongoing StarFOX campaigns and the application of angles-only navigation to future distributed missions.