2025/07/10 by Sanâa Bensaha, Dominika Lewandowska, Fernando Muzzopappa +6 · 1 voice · 7 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics #RNA Research and Splicing #RNA modifications and cancer
paper · pdf · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61749-3
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a multifunctional chromatin-associated protein conserved from fission yeast to mammals. HP1 has been suggested to drive heterochromatin formation via phase separation. However, there is seemingly conflicting evidence about HP1 phase-separating in different systems or not. Here, we assess the phase separation behavior of HP1 from fission yeast, fruit fly and mouse in vitro and in mammalian cells side-by-side. We find that HP1 from fission yeast and fly can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation and induce heterochromatin coalescence in mouse cells, in stark contrast to HP1 from mouse. Induced heterochromatin coalescence has only mild effects on gene expression. We link the decreasing phase separation propensity of HP1 homologs to their decreasing intrinsic disorder and their increasing sensitivity to HP1 paralogs antagonizing phase separation. Our work elucidates the relationship between phase separation, nuclear organization and gene expression, and highlights the evolutionary dimension of protein phase separation control. Here, the authors compare HP1 from fission yeast, fly and mouse, and find that the propensity of HP1 to phase-separate and to cluster heterochromatin decrease in this order, suggesting an evolutionary adaptation of HP1 function.