2025/09/17 by Argyris Kriezis, Yu-Hsuan Chen, Yu‐Hsuan Chen +8 · 2 citations
Engineering · Environmental Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Frequency and Time Standards #GNSS positioning and interference #Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing #eess.SP
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.13600
openalex publication_date 2025/09/17 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is increasingly vulnerable to radio frequency interference (RFI), including jamming and spoofing, which threaten the integrity of navigation and timing services. This paper presents a methodology for detecting and classifying RFI events using low-cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) GNSS receivers. By combining carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) measurements with a calibrated received power metric, a two-dimensional detection space is constructed to identify and distinguish nominal, jammed, spoofed, and blocked signal conditions. The method is validated through both controlled jamming tests in Norway and real-world deployments in Poland, and the Southeast Mediterranean which have experienced such conditions. Results demonstrate that COTS-based detection, when properly calibrated, offers a viable and effective approach for GNSS RFI monitoring.