2011/10/23 by Nikodem J. Popławski, Nikodem J. Poplawski, Poplawski, Nikodem J.
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Black hole (networking) #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #Gravitation #Mathematical physics #Physics #Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research #Quantum mechanics #Universe #astro-ph.CO #gr-qc
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1110.5019
published in arXiv (Cornell University) (Cornell University) · 4 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1103.4192
arxiv created 2011/10/23 · openalex publication_date 2011/10/23 · arxiv updated 2011/10/26 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
If spacetime torsion couples to the intrinsic spin of matter according to the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory of gravity, then the resulting gravitational repulsion at supranuclear densities prevents the formation of singularities in black holes. Consequently, the interior of every black hole becomes a new universe that expands from a nonsingular bounce. We consider gravitational collapse of fermionic spin-fluid matter with the stiff equation of state in a stellar black hole. Such a collapse increases the mass of the matter, which occurs through the Parker-Zel'dovich-Starobinskii quantum particle production in strong, anisotropic gravitational fields. The subsequent pair annihilation changes the stiff matter into an ultrarelativistic fluid. We show that the universe in a black hole of mass M_\textrmBH at the bounce has a mass M_\textrmb∼ M2_\textrmBH m1/2_\textrmn/m3/2_\textrmPl, where m_\textrmn is the mass of a neutron and m_\textrmPl is the reduced Planck mass. For a typical stellar black hole, M_\textrmb is about 1032 solar masses, which is 106 larger than the mass of our Universe. As the relativistic black-hole universe expands, its mass decreases until the universe becomes dominated by nonrelativistic heavy particles.