2025/05/14 by Partha Ghose, Ghose, Partha, Sudip Patra +1 · 2 citations
Arts and Humanities · #FOS: Physical sciences #Philosophy, Science, and History #Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2505.09333
openalex publication_date 2025/05/14 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Quantum mechanics challenges classical intuitions of space, time, and causality via the superposition principle, which allows systems to exist in multiple states simultaneously. Niels Bohr addressed these paradoxes through his Complementarity Principle, asserting that mutually exclusive properties-such as wave and particle behaviour-are jointly necessary for a complete description of quantum systems. Bohr also emphasized contextuality, the idea that measurement outcomes depend on the broader experimental setup. Despite his profound insights, Bohr did not offer a formal logical framework for these concepts. We address this gap by generalizing Reichenbach's three-valued logic into a seven-valued, formally contextual system, where contextuality is explicitly encoded via existential quantifiers. This logic retains Reichenbach's indeterminate value while modelling conditional truths across incompatible measurements, resolving key quantum paradoxes without logical inconsistency or nonlocality. Our approach draws inspiration from Jain logic which embraces multiple, context-dependent truths. Beyond quantum theory, this framework has potential applications in perceptual psychology and cognitive science, where context and contradiction also play central roles. The aim is to extend Bohr's legacy by equipping his epistemological vision with rigorous, many-valued logical tools.