2023/10/05 by Gaoqing Cao, Cao, Gaoqing · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) #High-Energy Particle Collisions Research #Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies #Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.03310
openalex publication_date 2023/10/05 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Inspired from perturbative calculations, this work introduces imaginary (Ω\rm I) and real (Ω) rotation effects to the pure SU(3) gauge potentials simply through variable transformations: The empirical Polyakov loop (PL) potentials can be rewritten as functions of the imaginary chemical potentials of gluons and ghosts (q\rm ij), and the transformations are taken as q\rm ij→ q\rm ij±Ω\rm I/T and q\rm ij→ q\rm ij± i Ω/T, respectively. For the PL potential of Fukushima (V1), a smaller imaginary rotation Ω\rm I tends to suppress PL at all temperature and the deconfinement transition keeps of first order. However, for the PL potential of Munich group (V2), Ω\rm I tends to enhance PL at low temperature T, consistent with lattice simulations; but suppress PL at high T, consistent with perturbative calculations. Moreover, the deconfinement alters from first order to crossover with increasing Ω\rm I as is expected from lattice simulations. On the other hand, the real rotation Ω tends to enhance PL at relatively low T for both potentials, and the (pseudo-)critical temperature decreases with Ω as expected. Therefore, we find that analytic continuation of the phase diagram from imaginary to real rotation is not necessarily valid in the non-perturbative region. Finally, we apply the more successful PL potential V2 to the Polyakov--Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model and discover that Ω\rm I tends to break chiral symmetry while Ω tends to restore it. Especially, the modified model is even able to qualitatively explain the lattice result that a larger T would catalyze chiral symmetry breaking for a large Ω\rm I.