2014/08/21 by Shiro Ishikawa, Ishikawa, Shiro
Arts and Humanities · Physics and Astronomy · #FOS: Computer and information sciences #FOS: Physical sciences #Other Statistics (stat.OT) #Philosophy and History of Science #Quantum Mechanics and Applications #Quantum Physics (quant-ph) #Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1408.4916
openalex publication_date 2014/08/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the (non-Bayesian and Bayesian) two-envelope problems in terms of quantum language (or, measurement theory), which was recently proposed as a linguistic turn of quantum mechanics (with the Copenhagen interpretation). The two envelopes paradox is only a kind of high school student's probability puzzle, and it may be exaggerated to say that this is an unsolved problem. However, since we are convinced that quantum language is just statistics of the future, we believe that there is no clear answer without the description by quantum language. In this sense, the readers are to find that quantum language provides the final answer (i.e., the easiest and deepest understanding) to the two envelope-problems in both non-Bayesian and Bayesian statistics. Also, we add the discussion about St. Petersburg two-envelope paradox.