2001/01/29 by Joseph I. Kapusta, Joseph I Kapusta, Kapusta, Joseph I
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics (astro-ph) #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #FOS: Physical sciences #Relativity and Gravitational Theory #astro-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0101515
11 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the International School of Astrophysics D. Chalonge, 8th Course, "Phase Transitions in the Early Universe: Theory and Observations", Erice, Sicily, 6-17 December 2000, ed. H.J. de Vega, I. Khalatnikov, N. Sanchez (Kluwer Academic Pub.)
openalex publication_date 2001/01/29 · arxiv created 2001/04/19 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Microscopic black holes explode with their temperature varying inversely as their mass. Such explosions would lead to the highest temperatures in the present universe, all the way to the Planck energy. The possibility that a quasi-stationary shell of hot matter surrounds these black holes has recently been proposed and studied with relativistic Boltzmann transport equations and with relativistic viscous fluid dynamics. For example, a black hole with a mass of 1010 g has a Hawking temperature of 1 TeV, a Schwarszchild radius of 1.6×10-5 fm, a luminosity of 7×1027 erg/s, and has less than 8 minutes to live. It is an outstanding theoretical challenge to describe the conditions exterior to such microscopic black holes and a great challenge to finally detect them in the new millennium.