2021/04/16 by Bruno Jiménez Fernández, Hendrik van Eerten, Fernández, Bruno Jiménez +1 · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) #Neutrino Physics Research #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2104.08207
openalex publication_date 2021/04/16 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
In the modelling of blazars and other radiating plasma flows, correctly evolving in time a series of kinetic equation coupled for different particle species is a computationally challenging problem. In this paper we introduce the code Katu, capable of simultaneously evolving a large number of particle species including photons, leptons and hadrons and their interactions. For each particle, the numerical expressions for the kinetic equations are optimized for efficiency and the code is written to easily allow for extensions and modifications. Additionally, we tie Katu to two pieces of statistical software, emcee and pymultinest, which makes a suite ready to apply to blazars and extract relevant statistical information from their electromagnetic (and neutrino, if applicable) flux. As an example, we apply Katu to Mrk 421 and compare a leptonic and a leptohadronic model. In this first ever direct Bayesian comparison between full kinetic simulations of these models, we find substantial evidence (Bayes factor ∼7) for the leptohadronic model purely from the electromagnetic spectrum. The code is available online at https://github.com/hveerten/katu under the LGPL license.