Confronting Modern Civilization: The Challenges of the First Generation of Iranian Intellectuals—A Typological Study in the Context of Intellectual History

2025/12/06 by mahdi rafaatipanah
#Akhundzadeh #Iranian intellectuals #Mirza Malek Khan #Mostashar al-Dawlah #Talebof #modern civilization.

paper · doi:10.71871/jhcin.2025.1219653

Abstract

The Journal of Islamic History and Civilisation,21(51),159

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