2023/09/13 by Philipp Otto, Otto, Philipp, Alessandro Fusta Moro +17 · 1 citation
Engineering · Environmental Science · #Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting #Air Quality and Health Impacts #Applications (stat.AP) #FOS: Computer and information sciences #Vehicle emissions and performance
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2309.07285
openalex publication_date 2023/09/13 · openalex created_date 2023/09/16 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
This study presents a comparative analysis of three predictive models with an increasing degree of flexibility: hidden dynamic geostatistical models (HDGM), generalised additive mixed models (GAMM), and the random forest spatiotemporal kriging models (RFSTK). These models are evaluated for their effectiveness in predicting PM2.5 concentrations in Lombardy (North Italy) from 2016 to 2020. Despite differing methodologies, all models demonstrate proficient capture of spatiotemporal patterns within air pollution data with similar out-of-sample performance. Furthermore, the study delves into station-specific analyses, revealing variable model performance contingent on localised conditions. Model interpretation, facilitated by parametric coefficient analysis and partial dependence plots, unveils consistent associations between predictor variables and PM2.5 concentrations. Despite nuanced variations in modelling spatiotemporal correlations, all models effectively accounted for the underlying dependence. In summary, this study underscores the efficacy of conventional techniques in modelling correlated spatiotemporal data, concurrently highlighting the complementary potential of Machine Learning and classical statistical approaches.