Testing the Distance Duality Relation with Cosmological Observations at high Redshift using Artificial Neural Network

2025/12/06 by Xie, Yukang, Liu, Yang, Wu, Puxun +2
Physics and Astronomy · #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) #FOS: Physical sciences #Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae

paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.06454

openalex publication_date 2025/12/06 · openalex created_date 2025/12/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

The cosmic Distance Duality Relation (DDR) is a fundamental prediction of metric gravity under photon number conservation. In this work, we perform a model-independent test of the DDR using Pantheon+ type Ia supernovae (SN Ia), Fermi gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with the FULL and GOLD samples, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Data Release 2 (DR2) baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, and the galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing (SGL) system samples at high redshift 0.01 < z \lesssim 8 using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach. Our results show that the standard DDR is consistent with cosmological observations at high redshift within the ∼ 2 σ confidence level.

Citations

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Related

• New tests of cosmic distance duality relation with DESI 2024 BAO observations
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation using Type Ia supernovae and BAO observations
• Probing the Distance Duality Relation with Machine Learning and Recent Data
• The impact of 2D and 3D BAO measurements on the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with HII galaxies
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation with baryon acoustic oscillations and supernovae data