2022/05/31 by John C. Stevenson, Stevenson, John C.
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Physics and Astronomy · Social Sciences · #Evolution and Genetic Dynamics #Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation #FOS: Biological sciences #FOS: Physical sciences #Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence #Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) #Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2206.00116
openalex publication_date 2022/05/31 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The emergence of eusocial species is both very rare in evolutionary history and results in remarkably successful species. By inverting an agent based model, agent rules are discovered that display behaviors characteristic of eusocial species as well as other behaviors that lead to unexpected population dynamics. By holding the agents' genome constant across the colony and allowing the agents' rules to evolve, the individual behaviors exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental cues. The phenotypically driven reduction of intrinsic growth rates and the emergence of non-reproducing phenotypes both demonstrate selection pressure at the colony (system) level. The efficiency of an evolved colony is shown to have a strong relationship to the computational capacity of the agents. Various other emergent behaviors, both eusocial and otherwise novel, are identified and discussed. A path forward to more capable eusocial populations and inter-colony evolution is outlined.