2024/05/14 by Odysseas S. Chlapanis, Chlapanis, Odysseas S., Ion Androutsopoulos +3
Social Sciences · #Artificial Intelligence in Law #Comparative and International Law Studies #Computation and Language (cs.CL) #FOS: Computer and information sciences
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2405.08502
openalex publication_date 2024/05/14 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
The SemEval task on Argument Reasoning in Civil Procedure is challenging in that it requires understanding legal concepts and inferring complex arguments. Currently, most Large Language Models (LLM) excelling in the legal realm are principally purposed for classification tasks, hence their reasoning rationale is subject to contention. The approach we advocate involves using a powerful teacher-LLM (ChatGPT) to extend the training dataset with explanations and generate synthetic data. The resulting data are then leveraged to fine-tune a small student-LLM. Contrary to previous work, our explanations are not directly derived from the teacher's internal knowledge. Instead they are grounded in authentic human analyses, therefore delivering a superior reasoning signal. Additionally, a new `mutation' method generates artificial data instances inspired from existing ones. We are publicly releasing the explanations as an extension to the original dataset, along with the synthetic dataset and the prompts that were used to generate both. Our system ranked 15th in the SemEval competition. It outperforms its own teacher and can produce explanations aligned with the original human analyses, as verified by legal experts.