2016/02/07 by Hans Moser, Hans R. Moser, Moser, Hans R.
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis #FOS: Physical sciences #General Physics (physics.gen-ph) #Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) #Statistical Mechanics and Entropy #cond-mat.stat-mech #physics.gen-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1602.04249
13 pages, 3 figures
arxiv created 2016/02/07 · openalex publication_date 2016/02/07 · arxiv updated 2016/02/16 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Statistical mechanics descriptions of the second law of thermodynamics generally imply point-like particles driven by a dissipative overall mechanism for their simultaneous time-evolution. As the number of involved particles grows larger, it becomes more and more unlikely that they by itself adopt an off-equilibrium state with lower entropy. We present a macroscopic counterexample of the second law that repeatedly and spontaneously produces an entropy sink, thus recurrently enables us to harvest energy that sidesteps all the compensation interactions with the surroundings. Hence, this mechanism extracts energy from a single reservoir. This proves true in an experiment and is explained as a consequence of size effects, among them nonzero particle extent that marginally amend crucial peculiarities of thermodynamic equilibrium dynamics.