2025/11/30 by Barranco, Juan, Bernal, Argelia, Jaramillo, Víctor +2
#Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
paper · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2512.00701
We introduce a minimal Dark Standard Model (DSM) consisting of a single spin-0 particle with dark U(1) gauge symmetry, and completely decoupled from the visible sector. Characterized only by the scalar mass μ and the dark charge q, this framework naturally gives rise to a rich phenomenology, including stable solitonic configurations that behave as dark "mini-MACHOs". We numerically build and evolve these gauged scalar-field solitons, derive their mass-radius relations, and identify a critical charge beyond which no gravitationally bound configurations exist. By combining these results with microlensing surveys that exclude compact objects heavier than the asteroid-mass scale (M\lesssim 10-11M_\odot), we obtain the constraint μ\gtrsim 10 \rm eV for viable configurations, depending on q. Our results represent a step forward in showing that purely gravitational observations can constrain the internal parameters of a dark gauge sector, and provide a framework for exploring broader DSM scenarios through future probes such as gravitational wave detections.