2024/04/22 by X. Huang, Quan Sun, Huang, Xing +35 · 1 citation
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) #Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) #Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers #Particle Detector Development and Performance
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.14207
openalex publication_date 2024/04/22 · openalex created_date 2024/04/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
We present the design and characterization of the first full chain precision timing prototype ASIC, named ETL Readout Chip version 1 (ETROC1) for the CMS MTD endcap timing layer (ETL) upgrade. The ETL utilizes Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors to detect charged particles, with the goal to achieve a time resolution of 40 - 50 ps per hit, and 30 - 40 ps per track with hits from two detector layers. The ETROC1 is composed of a 5 x 5 pixel array and peripheral circuits. The pixel array includes a 4 x 4 active pixel array with an H-tree shaped network delivering clock and charge injection signals. Each active pixel is composed of various components, including a bump pad, a charge injection circuit, a pre-amplifier, a discriminator, a digital-to-analog converter, and a time-to-digital converter. These components play essential roles as the front-end link in processing LGAD signals and measuring timing-related information. The peripheral circuits provide clock signals and readout functionalities. The size of the ETROC1 chip is 7 mm x 9 mm. ETROC1 has been fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, and extensively tested under stimuli of charge injection, infrared laser, and proton beam. The time resolution of bump-bonded ETROC1 + LGAD chipsets reaches 42 - 46 ps per hit in the beam test.