2025/06/05 by José Díaz Polanco, Polanco, José Díaz, José Ayala +3
Engineering · Materials Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #FOS: Physical sciences #General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) #Material Dynamics and Properties #Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.04599
openalex publication_date 2025/06/05 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We propose a thermodynamic formalism, within the particle-frame, for the energy-momentum tensor of irreversible anisotropic imperfect fluids subject to causality. Building on the Israel-Stewart extension of Eckart's theory, we further generalize these formalisms to incorporate anisotropic effects while ensuring the preservation of causality. In this framework, the second law of thermodynamics includes an additional term accounting for the system's anisotropy, which we derive explicitly in closed form for both first- and second-order theories. Notably, when anisotropy is removed, our model recovers Eckart's theory at first order and Israel-Stewart's at second order.