1997/06/25 by Amir Levinson, Levinson, Amir, David F. Chernoff +4
Engineering · Materials Science · Physics and Astronomy · #Astrophysics (astro-ph) #Electron and X-Ray Spectroscopy Techniques #FOS: Physical sciences #Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications #Ion-surface interactions and analysis #astro-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9706251
28 pages, 7 postscript figures, uses revtex
arxiv created 1997/06/25 · openalex publication_date 1997/06/25 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We study molecular hydrogen formation in and on solids. We construct a model with surface sites and bulk sites capable of describing (1) the motion and exchange of H and H2 between surface and bulk, (2) the recombination of H and dissociation of H2 in and on the solid, and (3) the injection of H from the gas phase and the loss of H and H2 from the solid. The basic physical processes include thermally activated reactions, collisionally induced reactions, and tunneling reactions. Our main application is to the astronomical problem of H2 formation on grains in space but the model has more general applicability. We investigate the steady-state H and H2 concentrations in and on the solid when gas phase atoms or ions stick to the surface or penetrate the body of the grain. The model identifies ranges of physical parameters for which the solid becomes saturated (surface and/or bulk) with particles (H and/or H2) and facilitates the calculation of the efficiency of molecule formation (the fraction of the gas phase atoms that leave as molecules). These solutions are highly degenerate in the sense that they depend only on a small number of dimensionless parameters. We find that a variety of recombination pathways operate under a broad range of conditions. As an example we study H2 formation in and on carbon grains.