2021/09/30 by Hartwig, Andrea, MAK Commission
#(sub)acute toxicity #(sub)akute Toxizität #(sub)chronic toxicity #(sub)chronische Toxizität #2 #2-Dichloressigsäure #2‐dichloroacetic acid #Dichloracetate #Dichloressigsäure #Dichloressigsäuresalze #Dichlorethansäure #Entwicklungstoxizität #Gefahrstoff #Natriumdichloracetat #Neurotoxizität #Reproduktionstoxizität #Toxizität #developmental toxicity #dichloroacetates #dichloroacetic acid salts #dichloroacetic acid sodium #dichloroethanoic acid #hazardous substance #neurotoxicity #reproductive toxicity #toxicity
paper · doi:10.34865/mb7943verbe6_3ad
The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated the developmental toxicity of dichloroacetic acid [79-43-6] and its salts. In 2019, a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 0.2 ml/m, corresponding to 1.1 mg/m, was set for dichloroacetic acid. Accordingly, a MAK value of 1.1 mg/m for the inhalable fraction, measured as the acid, has been set for the salts. The critical effects are irritation, carcinogenicity in the liver of rats and mice as well as neurotoxicity. In prenatal toxicity studies with neutralized dichloroacetic acid, elevated incidences of visceral malformations, mostly of cardiovascular origin, were seen in rats after administration of 140 mg/kg body weight and day via gavage. At higher, maternally toxic doses, hydronephrosis and eye malformations were observed. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 14 mg/kg body weight and day for rats, corresponding to 24.5 mg/m after scaling to a concentration at the workplace. In mice, perinatal death and delayed birth occurred at 722 mg/kg body weight. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity is 477 mg/kg body weight for mice, corresponding to 477 mg/m after scaling to a concentration at the workplace. Damage to the embryo or foetus would therefore be unlikely when the MAK value for dichloroacetic acid is not exceeded. However, after treatment with 16 mg/kg body weight and day, juvenile rats developed gait disturbance and reduced grip strength. Juvenile rats were more sensitive than adults. Thus, a NOAEL could not be determined for developmental neurotoxicity and dichloroacetic acid and its salts are assigned to Pregnancy Risk Group D.