2024/10/16 by Mateus C. P. dos Santos, Wesley B. Cardoso, Santos, Mateus C. P. dos +5
Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies #FOS: Physical sciences #Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research #Nonlinear Photonic Systems #Optics (physics.optics) #Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS) #Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2410.12610
openalex publication_date 2024/10/16 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01
We introduce a waveguiding system composed of three linearly-coupled fractional waveguides, with a triangular (prismatic) transverse structure. It may be realized as a tri-core nonlinear optical fiber with fractional group-velocity dispersion (GVD), or, possibly, as a system of coupled Gross--Pitaevskii equations for a set of three tunnel-coupled cigar-shaped traps filled by a Bose-Einstein condensate of particles moving by Lévy flights. The analysis is focused on the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) between components of triple solitons, and the formation and stability of vortex modes. In the self-focusing regime, we identify symmetric and asymmetric soliton states, whose structure and stability are determined by the Lévy index of the fractional GVD, the inter-core coupling strength, and the total energy, which determines the system's nonlinearity. Bifurcation diagrams (of the supercritical type) reveal regions where SSB occurs, identifying the respective symmetric and asymmetric ground-state soliton modes. In agreement with the general principle of the SSB theory, the solitons with broken inter-component symmetry prevail with the increase of the energy in the weakly-coupled system. Three-components vortex solitons (which do not feature SSB) are studied too. Because the fractional GVD breaks the system's Galilean invariance, we also address mobility of the vortex solitons, by applying a boost to them.